Abstract
Shale water as a by-product obtained by Petrobras, Brazil, during the process of extraction of petroleum from fossil rock may act as an inducer of Systemic Acquired Resistance (SAR) to some plant pathogens. The objective of the present investigation was to verify the effect of seed treatment and foliar application with shale water in inducing SAR of soybean to soybean rust under greenhouse and field conditions. In greenhouse experiments, seed treatment alone with shale water significantly reduced the severity of soybean rust and the control efficiency after 11 and 14 days after inoculation was between 54.1% and 57.8%. Whereas seed treatment and only one foliar application with shale water the control efficiency due to SAR 14 and 11 days after inoculation was between 99.7% and 100%, respectively. Such treatments gave similar results under field experiments where the control efficiency of soybean rust was between 79.0% and 99.35% in shale water treated plots as compared to the untreated plots, in 2015. Consequently, this resulted in yield increase between 14.8% and 28.8% depending upon the seed treatment and foliar applications with shale water alone or in mixture with a fungicide. Seed health testing revealed lower number of seeds infected with some pathogens in treatments where either shale water or fungicide was used. Seed treatment and one foliar application were sufficient to induce SAR against soybean rust. This is the first report to demonstrate SAR of soybean to soybean rust induced by shale water. Patent regarding this investigation is deposited with Petrobras, Brazil, under the number EVP 14/022.
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Claims 5
Claim · model-written summary
Shale-water seed treatment reduced soybean rust severity, with 54.1% to 57.8% control at 11 and 14 days.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- seed treatment alone with shale watere0
- Interactor
- soybean ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- severity of soybean ruste0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 54.1% and 57.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment alone with shale water significantly reduced the severity of soybean rust and the control efficiency after 11 and 14 days after inoculation was between 54.1% and 57.8%”
t0“Resistance of Soybean to Soybean Rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatment plus one foliar shale-water application achieved 99.7% to 100% rust control at 14 and 11 days.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatment and only one foliar application with shale watere0
- Outcome
- control efficiency due to SARe0
- Value
- 99.7% and 100%e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed treatment and only one foliar application with shale water the control efficiency due to SAR 14 and 11 days after inoculation was between 99.7% and 100%”
t0“Resistance of Soybean to Soybean Rust”
Claim · model-written summary
In field plots, shale water gave 79.0% to 99.35% soybean rust control relative to untreated plots.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- shale water treated plotse0
- Interactor
- soybean ruste0pathogen
- Outcome
- control efficiency of soybean ruste0
- Value
- 79.0% and 99.35%e0
- Comparator
- untreated plotse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“control efficiency of soybean rust was between 79.0% and 99.35% in shale water treated plots as compared to the untreated plots”
t0“Resistance of Soybean to Soybean Rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Shale-water treatment increased soybean yield by 14.8% to 28.8%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatment and foliar applications with shale water alone or in mixture with a fungicidee0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- increasee0
- Value
- 14.8% and 28.8%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“yield increase between 14.8% and 28.8% depending upon the seed treatment and foliar applications with shale water alone or in mixture with a fungicide”
t0“Resistance of Soybean to Soybean Rust”
Claim · model-written summary
Shale water or fungicide treatment lowered the number of pathogen-infected seeds.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- shale watere0
- Interactor
- pathogense0pathogen
- Outcome
- number of seeds infected with some pathogense0
- Direction
- lowere0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“lower number of seeds infected with some pathogens in treatments where either shale water or fungicide was used”
t0“Resistance of Soybean to Soybean Rust”
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