Abstract
Abstract Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes. Relationships between water and fertilizer needs are not well defined. Field studies were conducted to determine: (i) the interacting effects of N fertilization and irrigation on N and P needs, wheat yields, and yield components; and (ii) the effects of riming of water deficit periods on N and P needs, wheat yields, and yield components. Studies were conducted on a Pullman clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Torrertic Paleustoll). Respective N and P rates ranged from 0 to 210 kg ha −1 and 0 to 40 kg ha −1 . Irrigations were applied or withheld to allow the crop to be nonstressed (I‐1), stressed during heading and grain filling (I‐2), stressed during tillering and jointing (I‐3), and stressed throughout spring (I‐4). Two‐year average data showed that 140 kg N ha −1 was sufficient for maximum grain yields on treatment I‐1, while 70 kg N ha −1 was sufficient on treatments on I‐2 and I‐3, and no N response occurred on treatment I‐4. Compared to treatment I‐1, grain yields were 27, 32, and 52% less on treatments I‐3, I‐2, and I‐4, respectively. Water use efficiency (WUE) increased with increments of N through 140 kg ha −1 on treatment I‐1, and through 70 kg ha −1 on treatments I‐2, and I‐3 but applied N did not affect WUE on treatment I‐4. In 1981, WUE was highest on treatment I‐1 and lowest on treatment I‐4; in 1982, however, WUE was highest on treatment I‐4 and lowest on treatments I‐1 and I‐3. For limited irrigation, irrigating during tillering and jointing would be preferable to allowing stress then, and irrigating during heading and grain filling, because there is still potential for high yields if precipitation occurs during heading and grain filling.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
140 kg N ha −1 was sufficient for maximum grain yields on the nonstressed irrigation treatment I‐1.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivum
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- 140 kg N ha −1e5
- Outcome
- maximum grain yieldse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e5“140 kg N ha −1 was sufficient for maximum grain yields on treatment I‐1, while 70 kg N ha −1 was sufficient on treatments on I‐2 and I‐3, and no N response occurred on treatment I‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
70 kg N ha −1 was sufficient for maximum grain yields on the stressed irrigation treatments I‐2 and I‐3.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- 70 kg N ha −1e5
- Outcome
- maximum grain yieldse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e5“140 kg N ha −1 was sufficient for maximum grain yields on treatment I‐1, while 70 kg N ha −1 was sufficient on treatments on I‐2 and I‐3, and no N response occurred on treatment I‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
No N response occurred on irrigation treatment I‐4.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- treatment I‐4e5
- Outcome
- N responsee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e5“140 kg N ha −1 was sufficient for maximum grain yields on treatment I‐1, while 70 kg N ha −1 was sufficient on treatments on I‐2 and I‐3, and no N response occurred on treatment I‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield under stress during tillering and jointing was 27% lower than under the nonstressed treatment I‐1.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- stressed during tillering and jointinge4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Comparator
- nonstressed (I‐1)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e4“allow the crop to be nonstressed (I‐1), stressed during heading and grain filling (I‐2), stressed during tillering and jointing (I‐3), and stressed throughout spring (I‐4)”
e6“Compared to treatment I‐1, grain yields were 27, 32, and 52% less on treatments I‐3, I‐2, and I‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield under stress during heading and grain filling was 32% lower than under the nonstressed treatment I‐1.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- stressed during heading and grain fillinge4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Comparator
- nonstressed (I‐1)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e4“allow the crop to be nonstressed (I‐1), stressed during heading and grain filling (I‐2), stressed during tillering and jointing (I‐3), and stressed throughout spring (I‐4)”
e6“Compared to treatment I‐1, grain yields were 27, 32, and 52% less on treatments I‐3, I‐2, and I‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yield under stress throughout spring was 52% lower than under the nonstressed treatment I‐1.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- stressed throughout springe4
- Outcome
- grain yieldse6
- Direction
- lesse6
- Value
- 52%e6
- Comparator
- nonstressed (I‐1)e4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e4“allow the crop to be nonstressed (I‐1), stressed during heading and grain filling (I‐2), stressed during tillering and jointing (I‐3), and stressed throughout spring (I‐4)”
e6“Compared to treatment I‐1, grain yields were 27, 32, and 52% less on treatments I‐3, I‐2, and I‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency increased with N increments up to 140 kg ha −1 on the nonstressed treatment I‐1.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- increments of N through 140 kg ha −1e7
- Outcome
- Water use efficiency (WUE)e7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e7“Water use efficiency (WUE) increased with increments of N through 140 kg ha −1 on treatment I‐1, and through 70 kg ha −1 on treatments I‐2, and I‐3 but applied N did not affect WUE on treatment I‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Water use efficiency increased with N through 70 kg ha −1 on the stressed treatments I‐2 and I‐3.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- through 70 kg ha −1e7
- Outcome
- Water use efficiency (WUE)e7
- Direction
- increasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e7“Water use efficiency (WUE) increased with increments of N through 140 kg ha −1 on treatment I‐1, and through 70 kg ha −1 on treatments I‐2, and I‐3 but applied N did not affect WUE on treatment I‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
Applied N did not affect water use efficiency on treatment I‐4.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- applied Ne7
- Outcome
- WUEe7
- Direction
- did not affecte7
- Qualifier
- treatment I‐4e7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e7“Water use efficiency (WUE) increased with increments of N through 140 kg ha −1 on treatment I‐1, and through 70 kg ha −1 on treatments I‐2, and I‐3 but applied N did not affect WUE on treatment I‐4”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1981, water use efficiency was highest on treatment I‐1.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- treatment I‐1e1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- In 1981e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e1“In 1981, WUE was highest on treatment I‐1 and lowest on treatment I‐4; in 1982, however, WUE was highest on treatment I‐4 and lowest on treatments I‐1 and I‐3”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1981, water use efficiency was lowest on treatment I‐4.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- treatment I‐4e1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Qualifier
- In 1981e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e1“In 1981, WUE was highest on treatment I‐1 and lowest on treatment I‐4; in 1982, however, WUE was highest on treatment I‐4 and lowest on treatments I‐1 and I‐3”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1982, water use efficiency was highest on treatment I‐4.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- treatment I‐4e1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- higheste1
- Qualifier
- 1982e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e1“In 1981, WUE was highest on treatment I‐1 and lowest on treatment I‐4; in 1982, however, WUE was highest on treatment I‐4 and lowest on treatments I‐1 and I‐3”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1982, water use efficiency was lowest on treatments I‐1 and I‐3.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- treatments I‐1 and I‐3e1
- Outcome
- WUEe1
- Direction
- loweste1
- Qualifier
- 1982e1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e1“In 1981, WUE was highest on treatment I‐1 and lowest on treatment I‐4; in 1982, however, WUE was highest on treatment I‐4 and lowest on treatments I‐1 and I‐3”
Claim · model-written summary
For limited irrigation, irrigating during tillering and jointing is preferable to allowing stress then, and irrigating during heading and grain filling.
- Taxon
- Triticum aestivumTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- irrigating during tillering and jointinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is grown on the Southern Great Plains under dryland conditions and under varying irrigation regimes”
e2“For limited irrigation, irrigating during tillering and jointing would be preferable to allowing stress then, and irrigating during heading and grain filling”
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