Abstract
Abstract Foliar applications of alcohols have been reported to have remarkable benefits on yields of several crops. The toxifying characteristics of alcohols for many microorganisms may also potentially be of use in crop protection. Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to determine if foliar‐applied ethanol was effective against Septoria nodorum , the causal agent of leaf and glume blotch in spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum ). Ethanol (30 % and 60 %) decreased the disease symptoms on the leaves of wheat significantly when applied one day after the inoculation, although reductions in disease seventy were still observed until 4 days after the inoculation. In contrast, ethanol treatments before inoculation did not affect, or occasionally even enhanced, the disease development. On agar plate assay, the average sensitivity of S. nodorum on ethanol was high, as no reduction in its growth was observed at incubation times less than 10 or 20 min in 60% or 30% ethanol, respectively. Ethanol treatments did not damage the treated leaves, but a slight reduction in the leaf chlorophyll content as measured by SPAD values was observed. Ethanol application whether alone or with inoculation did not increase wheat kernel weights.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol applied one day after inoculation significantly decreased leaf disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Ethanol (30 % and 60 %)e0
- Interactor
- Septoria nodorum
Parastagonospora nodorume1pathogen - Outcome
- disease symptoms on the leaves of wheate0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethanol (30 % and 60 %) decreased the disease symptoms on the leaves of wheat significantly when applied one day after the inoculation”
e1“Septoria nodorum , the causal agent of leaf and glume blotch in spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Disease severity reductions were observed up to four days after inoculation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Foliar Ethanol Applicationt0
- Interactor
- Septoria nodorumParastagonospora nodorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease seventye0
- Direction
- reductionse0
- Qualifier
- until 4 days after the inoculatione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reductions in disease seventy were still observed until 4 days after the inoculation”
e1“Septoria nodorum , the causal agent of leaf and glume blotch in spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
t0“Foliar Ethanol Application”
Claim · model-written summary
Preinoculation ethanol did not affect or sometimes enhanced disease development.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- ethanol treatments before inoculatione0
- Interactor
- Septoria nodorumParastagonospora nodorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- disease developmente0
- Direction
- did not affect, or occasionally even enhancede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“ethanol treatments before inoculation did not affect, or occasionally even enhanced, the disease development”
e1“Septoria nodorum , the causal agent of leaf and glume blotch in spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
S. nodorum growth on agar was not reduced after short ethanol exposure.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- 60% or 30% ethanole0
- Interactor
- S. nodorumParastagonospora nodorume1pathogen
- Outcome
- S. nodorum on ethanole1
- Direction
- no reductione0
- Qualifier
- incubation times less than 10 or 20 mine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“no reduction in its growth was observed at incubation times less than 10 or 20 min in 60% or 30% ethanol, respectively.”
e1“the average sensitivity of S. nodorum on ethanol was high”
e2“spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol did not damage treated wheat leaves.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Ethanol treatmentse0
- Outcome
- damage the treated leavese0
- Direction
- did not damagee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethanol treatments did not damage the treated leaves”
e1“spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol slightly reduced leaf chlorophyll content.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume2
- Treatment
- Ethanol treatmentse1
- Outcome
- leaf chlorophyll contente0
- Direction
- reductione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a slight reduction in the leaf chlorophyll content as measured by SPAD values was observed.”
e1“Ethanol treatments did not damage the treated leaves”
e2“spring wheat ( Triticum aestivum )”
Claim · model-written summary
Ethanol application did not increase wheat kernel weights.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- Ethanol application whether alone or with inoculatione0
- Outcome
- wheat kernel weightse0
- Direction
- did not increasee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ethanol application whether alone or with inoculation did not increase wheat kernel weights.”
The same questions in other papers
ethanol · pest · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- positive
ethanol · organism · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- negative
inoculation · organism · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
7 papers in the same direction as this paper · 24 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
28 papers more in this group
See all 32 papers →application · Parastagonospora nodorum · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.