Abstract
Abstract Fertilizer mixtures in which the nitrogen was allammonium, all‐nitrate or equal parts ammonium and nitrate were applied in conjunction with the following soil fumigation treatments: not‐fumigated, Dowfume W‐85 (ethylene dibromide), Shell DD (dichloropropene and dichloropropane), and methyl bromide. Data were obtained on the effect of fumigation and N treatments on ( 1 ) the relative levels of ammonium and nitrate N in the soil during the growing season, ( 2 ) the ammonium and halogen content in the tobacco leaf at certain stages of growth, and ( 3 ) the yield and certain properties of the cured tobacco leaf. Methyl bromide and Shell DD reduced nitrification to a greater degree than did Dowfume W‐85. Three weeks after transplanting, the ammonium N and halogen contents in tobacco leaves from the ammonium N treatment were higher than from the nitrate N treatment on soil fumigated with Shell DD or methyl bromide, but no different for the Dowfume W‐85 or not‐fumigated treatments. The yield and quality index of tobacco from the Shell DD and methyl bromide fumigation treatments increased with increasing percentage of the total N applied in the nitrate form. With Dowfume W‐85, the highest yield was from the mixture of ammonium and nitrate N. There were no differences in yield or quality among N treatments on soil not‐fumigated. For all fumigation treatments, the percentage N and percentage nicotine in the cured leaf were higher where ammonium N than where nitrate N was applied.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Methyl bromide reduced nitrification more than Dowfume W‐85.
- Taxon
- Tobacco
Nicotiana tabacumt0 - Treatment
- Methyl bromidee0
- Outcome
- nitrificatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Dowfume W‐85e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methyl bromide and Shell DD reduced nitrification to a greater degree than did Dowfume W‐85.”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Shell DD reduced nitrification more than Dowfume W‐85.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- Shell DDe0
- Outcome
- nitrificatione0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- Dowfume W‐85e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Methyl bromide and Shell DD reduced nitrification to a greater degree than did Dowfume W‐85.”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
At three weeks, ammonium treatment raised tobacco leaf ammonium and halogen contents relative to nitrate on Shell DD soil.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- ammonium N treatmente0
- Outcome
- ammonium N and halogen contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- Shell DDe0
- Comparator
- nitrate N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three weeks after transplanting, the ammonium N and halogen contents in tobacco leaves from the ammonium N treatment were higher than from the nitrate N treatment on soil fumigated with Shell DD or methyl bromide”
Claim · model-written summary
At three weeks, ammonium treatment raised tobacco leaf ammonium and halogen contents relative to nitrate on methyl bromide soil.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Treatment
- ammonium N treatmente0
- Outcome
- ammonium N and halogen contentse0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- methyl bromidee0
- Comparator
- nitrate N treatmente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Three weeks after transplanting, the ammonium N and halogen contents in tobacco leaves from the ammonium N treatment were higher than from the nitrate N treatment on soil fumigated with Shell DD or methyl bromide”
Claim · model-written summary
At three weeks, ammonium and halogen contents did not differ between nitrogen forms under Dowfume W‐85.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- ammonium Ne1
- Outcome
- ammonium N and halogen contentse1
- Direction
- no differente0
- Qualifier
- Dowfume W‐85e0
- Comparator
- nitrate N treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but no different for the Dowfume W‐85 or not‐fumigated treatments.”
t0“Tobacco”
e1“the ammonium N and halogen contents in tobacco leaves from the ammonium N treatment were higher than from the nitrate N treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
At three weeks, ammonium and halogen contents did not differ between nitrogen forms without fumigation.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- ammonium Ne1
- Outcome
- ammonium N and halogen contentse1
- Direction
- no differente0
- Qualifier
- not‐fumigatede0
- Comparator
- nitrate N treatmente1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“but no different for the Dowfume W‐85 or not‐fumigated treatments.”
t0“Tobacco”
e1“the ammonium N and halogen contents in tobacco leaves from the ammonium N treatment were higher than from the nitrate N treatment”
Claim · model-written summary
Under Shell DD, yield and quality index rose with nitrate nitrogen percentage.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Shell DDe0
- Outcome
- yield and quality indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increasing percentage of the total N applied in the nitrate forme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield and quality index of tobacco from the Shell DD and methyl bromide fumigation treatments increased with increasing percentage of the total N applied in the nitrate form.”
Claim · model-written summary
Under methyl bromide, yield and quality index rose with nitrate nitrogen percentage.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- methyl bromidee0
- Outcome
- yield and quality indexe0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- increasing percentage of the total N applied in the nitrate forme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The yield and quality index of tobacco from the Shell DD and methyl bromide fumigation treatments increased with increasing percentage of the total N applied in the nitrate form.”
Claim · model-written summary
With Dowfume W‐85, mixed ammonium and nitrate gave the highest yield.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- mixture of ammonium and nitrate Ne0
- Outcome
- yielde0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- Dowfume W‐85e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“With Dowfume W‐85, the highest yield was from the mixture of ammonium and nitrate N.”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Without fumigation, nitrogen treatments did not differ in yield or quality.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Treatment
- N treatmentse0
- Outcome
- yield or qualitye0
- Direction
- no differencese0
- Qualifier
- not‐fumigatede0
- Comparator
- N treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“There were no differences in yield or quality among N treatments on soil not‐fumigated.”
t0“Tobacco”
Claim · model-written summary
Ammonium nitrogen gave higher cured leaf nitrogen and nicotine percentages than nitrate nitrogen across fumigation treatments.
- Taxon
- TobaccoNicotiana tabacumt0
- Organ / stage
- cured leafe0
- Treatment
- ammonium Ne0
- Outcome
- percentage N and percentage nicotinee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- nitrate Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For all fumigation treatments, the percentage N and percentage nicotine in the cured leaf were higher where ammonium N than where nitrate N was applied.”
t0“Tobacco”
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