Abstract
Hairy sheath frayed‐1 ( Hsf1‐O ), an ethyl methanesolfonate‐induced dominant mutant in maize, was first described as an excessively hairy plant with pronglike projections of sheath that extended from the margin of the leaf blade. We describe several other phenotypes and show that Hsf1‐O affects virtually every segment of the plant. We have identified genetic backgrounds that suppress some of the Hsf1‐O phenotypes. The morphological descriptions reveal a prolongation of cell differentiation in certain tissues and organs. In general, transformations are from more adult to more juvenile, not older to younger. On the assumption that Hsf1‐O acts with the same developmental logic in both the apical meristem and leaf primordia, the leaf sheath is a juvenile blade, not a young blade. Genetic background effects show that the expressivity of the phenotype is influenced by the plant's time to anthesis. The suppression and temporal shift in Hsf1‐O expression patterns in early flowering lines is due to the inherent accelerated maturation of cells in these lines. In early flowering lines, transformations are suppressed and shifted toward the less mature (younger) tissues, organs, and segments of the plant. We conclude that Hsf1‐O is a heterochronic mutation that prolongs the time to maturity (delays terminal differentiation), and that a primordial cell's developmental maturity rather than the cell's position can dictate that cell's fate. Hsf1‐O disconnects the rate of developmental stage transition from the overall flowering‐time rate.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Hsf1-O affects virtually every plant segment.
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We describe several other phenotypes and show that Hsf1‐O affects virtually every segment of the plant.”
t0“MUTANT OF MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Some Hsf1-O phenotypes are suppressed by genetic backgrounds.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We have identified genetic backgrounds that suppress some of the Hsf1‐O phenotypes.”
t0“MUTANT OF MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Cell differentiation is prolonged in some tissues and organs.
- Outcome
- prolongation of cell differentiatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The morphological descriptions reveal a prolongation of cell differentiation in certain tissues and organs.”
t0“MUTANT OF MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Transformations generally proceed from adult to juvenile states.
- Outcome
- transformations are from more adult to more juvenilee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, transformations are from more adult to more juvenile, not older to younger.”
t0“MUTANT OF MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Phenotype expressivity is influenced by time to anthesis.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic background effects show that the expressivity of the phenotype is influenced by the plant's time to anthesis.”
t0“MUTANT OF MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
In early flowering lines, transformations were suppressed and shifted toward younger tissues and organs.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In early flowering lines, transformations are suppressed and shifted toward the less mature (younger) tissues, organs, and segments of the plant.”
t0“MUTANT OF MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that Hsf1-O prolongs time to maturity and delays terminal differentiation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We conclude that Hsf1‐O is a heterochronic mutation that prolongs the time to maturity (delays terminal differentiation), and that a primordial cell's developmental maturity rather than the cell's position can dictate that cell's fate.”
t0“MUTANT OF MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
A primordial cell’s maturity rather than its position can determine fate, according to the authors.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a primordial cell's developmental maturity rather than the cell's position can dictate that cell's fate.”
t0“MUTANT OF MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Hsf1-O disconnects developmental stage-transition rate from flowering-time rate.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hsf1‐O disconnects the rate of developmental stage transition from the overall flowering‐time rate.”
t0“MUTANT OF MAIZE”