Abstract
Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) drying is a novel method of nonthermal drying. A corona discharge using multiple electrodes and a high-voltage electric field of 5.2 kV · cm−1 was produced to investigate the drying enhancement of carrot slices and its effect on color and shrinkage. The EHD setup consisted of 13 stainless steel needle points connected to a DC power supply and a stainless steel plate. EHD+ drying, EHD− drying, oven drying at 55°C, and ambient air drying control at 25°C for 5 h resulted in 79.5, 77.7, 77, and 22.5% total moisture removal from the fresh carrot slices, respectively. The final shrinkage of the EHD± drying was less than that of oven drying but was higher than that of ambient air drying. It was estimated that the energy consumption of oven drying was several times greater than those of EHD± drying. The conventional drying processes changed all color parameters, whereas the color for EHD± dried samples remained almost the same. The carrot slices’ temperature during drying by EHD± was significantly less than that of those dried by oven and ambient air drying.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
EHD+ drying removed 79.5% total moisture in 5 h, compared with 22.5% under ambient air drying control.
- Taxon
- carrot
Daucus carotat0 - Treatment
- EHD+ dryinge1
- Outcome
- total moisture removale1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 79.5e1
- Qualifier
- 22.5%e1
- Comparator
- ambient air drying control at 25°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrot Cylindrical Slices”
e1“EHD+ drying, EHD− drying, oven drying at 55°C, and ambient air drying control at 25°C for 5 h resulted in 79.5, 77.7, 77, and 22.5% total moisture removal from the fresh carrot slices, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
EHD− drying removed 77.7% total moisture in 5 h, compared with 22.5% under ambient air drying control.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- EHD− dryinge1
- Outcome
- total moisture removale1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 77.7e1
- Qualifier
- 22.5%e1
- Comparator
- ambient air drying control at 25°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrot Cylindrical Slices”
e1“EHD+ drying, EHD− drying, oven drying at 55°C, and ambient air drying control at 25°C for 5 h resulted in 79.5, 77.7, 77, and 22.5% total moisture removal from the fresh carrot slices, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Oven drying at 55°C removed 77% total moisture in 5 h, compared with 22.5% under ambient air drying control.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- oven drying at 55°Ce1
- Outcome
- total moisture removale1
- Direction
- higherinferrede1
- Value
- 77e1
- Qualifier
- 22.5%e1
- Comparator
- ambient air drying control at 25°Ce1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrot Cylindrical Slices”
e1“EHD+ drying, EHD− drying, oven drying at 55°C, and ambient air drying control at 25°C for 5 h resulted in 79.5, 77.7, 77, and 22.5% total moisture removal from the fresh carrot slices, respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Final shrinkage of EHD± dried carrot slices was less than that of oven drying.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- EHD± dryinge2
- Outcome
- final shrinkagee2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Comparator
- oven dryinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrot Cylindrical Slices”
e2“The final shrinkage of the EHD± drying was less than that of oven drying but was higher than that of ambient air drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Final shrinkage of EHD± dried carrot slices was higher than that of ambient air drying.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- EHD± dryinge2
- Outcome
- final shrinkagee2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- ambient air dryinge2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrot Cylindrical Slices”
e2“The final shrinkage of the EHD± drying was less than that of oven drying but was higher than that of ambient air drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Oven drying was estimated to use several times more energy than EHD± drying.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- oven dryinge3
- Outcome
- energy consumptione3
- Direction
- greatere3
- Value
- several timese3
- Comparator
- EHD± dryinge3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrot Cylindrical Slices”
e3“It was estimated that the energy consumption of oven drying was several times greater than those of EHD± drying”
Claim · model-written summary
Conventional drying processes changed all color parameters of carrot slices.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- conventional drying processese4
- Outcome
- all color parameterse4
- Direction
- changede4
- Comparator
- EHD± dried samplese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrot Cylindrical Slices”
e4“The conventional drying processes changed all color parameters, whereas the color for EHD± dried samples remained almost the same”
Claim · model-written summary
Color of EHD± dried carrot slices remained almost the same, unlike conventional drying.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- EHD±e4
- Outcome
- colore4
- Direction
- remained almost the samee4
- Comparator
- conventional drying processese4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrot Cylindrical Slices”
e4“The conventional drying processes changed all color parameters, whereas the color for EHD± dried samples remained almost the same”
Claim · model-written summary
Carrot slice temperature during EHD± drying was significantly less than during oven and ambient air drying.
- Taxon
- carrotDaucus carotat0
- Treatment
- EHD±e5
- Outcome
- temperature during dryinge5
- Direction
- lesse5
- Comparator
- oven and ambient air dryinge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Carrot Cylindrical Slices”
e5“The carrot slices’ temperature during drying by EHD± was significantly less than that of those dried by oven and ambient air drying”
The same questions in other papers
processing · soil: physics · Daucus carota (carrot)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.