Abstract
The formation of silica cells in the sheath epidermis of wheat is described. These cells are of two types, unpaired rod-shaped cells and isodiametric cells paired with basal cork cells. When the leaves have expanded fully, the potential silica cells have reached their mature shape, with thin, usually concave outer walls. At this stage, the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells are suddenly lost, producing apparently empty cells. After this, silica appears to accumulate and precipitate in these empty cells. Very early stages of silica accumulation could not be detected, but later, refractive granular masses of precipitated silica gel can be seen in fixed, dehydrated preparations. In aqueous mounts the accumulating silica appears as a translucent peripheral mass, surrounding vesicular contents. Further silica accumulation produces the mature, glassy silica bodies containing small vesicles which probably represent some remnant of the disintegrated cytoplasm. The young silica cells did not seem to have the low pH levels sometimes suggested as initiating silica precipitation. Enzyme localization tests did not distinguish potential silica cells from their immediate neighbors.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat sheath silica cells occur as unpaired rod shaped cells and cells paired with cork cells.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Organ / stage
- sheath epidermise0
- Outcome
- unpaired rod-shaped cells and isodiametric cells paired with basal cork cellse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The formation of silica cells in the sheath epidermis of wheat is described.”
e1“These cells are of two types, unpaired rod-shaped cells and isodiametric cells paired with basal cork cells.”
Claim · model-written summary
Potential silica cells reach mature shape when leaves are fully expanded.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese1
- Outcome
- mature shape, with thin, usually concave outer wallse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“When the leaves have expanded fully, the potential silica cells have reached their mature shape, with thin, usually concave outer walls.”
Claim · model-written summary
The nucleus and cytoplasm are suddenly lost from silica cells, leaving them apparently empty.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- sheath epidermise0
- Outcome
- nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells are suddenly loste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“At this stage, the nucleus and cytoplasm of these cells are suddenly lost, producing apparently empty cells.”
Claim · model-written summary
Silica appears to accumulate and precipitate after cells become empty.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- sheath epidermise0
- Outcome
- silica appears to accumulate and precipitatee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“After this, silica appears to accumulate and precipitate in these empty cells.”
Claim · model-written summary
Very early silica accumulation was not detectable.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- Very early stages of silica accumulation could not be detectede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“Very early stages of silica accumulation could not be detected”
Claim · model-written summary
Later silica gel appeared as refractive granular masses in fixed dehydrated preparations.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- refractive granular masses of precipitated silica gele1
- Setting
- fixed, dehydrated preparationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“later, refractive granular masses of precipitated silica gel can be seen in fixed, dehydrated preparations.”
Claim · model-written summary
In aqueous mounts, accumulating silica formed a translucent peripheral mass around vesicular contents.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- translucent peripheral mass, surrounding vesicular contentse1
- Setting
- aqueous mountse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“In aqueous mounts the accumulating silica appears as a translucent peripheral mass, surrounding vesicular contents.”
Claim · model-written summary
Further silica accumulation formed mature glassy bodies containing small vesicles.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- mature, glassy silica bodies containing small vesiclese1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“Further silica accumulation produces the mature, glassy silica bodies containing small vesicles”
Claim · model-written summary
The vesicles probably represented remnants of disintegrated cytoplasm.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- small vesiclese1
- Qualifier
- remnant of the disintegrated cytoplasme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“small vesicles which probably represent some remnant of the disintegrated cytoplasm”
Claim · model-written summary
Young silica cells did not appear to have low pH levels.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Organ / stage
- young silica cellse1
- Outcome
- low pH levelse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“The young silica cells did not seem to have the low pH levels sometimes suggested as initiating silica precipitation.”
Claim · model-written summary
Enzyme localization tests could not distinguish potential silica cells from immediate neighbors.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- did not distinguish potential silica cellse1
- Comparator
- their immediate neighborse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“sheath epidermis of wheat”
e1“Enzyme localization tests did not distinguish potential silica cells from their immediate neighbors.”