Abstract
1. Behavior of Al-containing ions at various pHs was studied by using solutions to which 10/3 mmol/liter of Al(OH)3 and 10/2 mmol/liter of H2SO4 or 0.2 or 2 mmol/liter of NaF were added, and the following results were obtained: (a) Total Al concentration starts to decrease when the pH increases above about 4.0 and reaches below 1 ppm at about pH 4.8. However, when 2 mmol/liter of NaF is present in the solution, the total Al concentration is higher at corresponding pHs than the above values. (b) When sulfate or fluoride ions are absent, Al8+ predominates at pH 4, and Al(OH)2 + predominates at pH 5. (c) In the presence of sulfate ion, AlSO4 + predominates followed by Al8+ at pH 4, while AlSO4 + and Al(OH)2 + predominate at pH 5. (d) When fluoride ion is present at 2 meq F/liter, Al8+ predominates although there is a considerable amount of AlF2+ at pH 4, and AlF2 + predominates at pH 5. 2. By measuring the elongation of barley roots which were grown in solutions with and without 10/3 mmol/liter of Al(OH)8 in combination with and without CaSO4, CaCl2, or NaF at various levels, and at different pHs, the following conclusions were reached: (a) Elongation of barley roots is retarded by Al8+, and the degree of retardation is controlled by the activity of AIH rather than by the concentration. (b) AlSO4 + and Al-F complex ions are far less toxic than Al8+. (c) The presence of K, Ca, and Mg at adequate concentrations alleviates the toxic effect of AI8+.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Al8+ retarded barley root elongation.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree0 - Treatment
- Al8+e0
- Outcome
- Elongation of barley rootse0
- Direction
- retardede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Elongation of barley roots is retarded by Al8+”
Claim · model-written summary
The degree of barley root elongation retardation depended on aluminium ion activity rather than concentration.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Compound
- AIHe0
- Outcome
- degree of retardatione0
- Comparator
- concentratione0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the degree of retardation is controlled by the activity of AIH rather than by the concentration”
e1“Elongation of barley roots is retarded by Al8+”
Claim · model-written summary
AlSO4 + ions were less toxic to barley roots than Al8+.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- AlSO4 +e0
- Outcome
- less toxice0
- Direction
- far less toxice0
- Comparator
- Al8+e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AlSO4 + and Al-F complex ions are far less toxic than Al8+”
e1“Elongation of barley roots is retarded by Al8+”
Claim · model-written summary
Al-F complex ions were less toxic to barley roots than Al8+.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Al-F complex ionse0
- Outcome
- less toxice0
- Direction
- far less toxice0
- Comparator
- Al8+e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“AlSO4 + and Al-F complex ions are far less toxic than Al8+”
e1“Elongation of barley roots is retarded by Al8+”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate K alleviated Al8+ toxicity to barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Ke0
- Outcome
- toxic effect of AI8+e0
- Direction
- alleviatese0
- Qualifier
- at adequate concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of K, Ca, and Mg at adequate concentrations alleviates the toxic effect of AI8+”
e1“Elongation of barley roots is retarded by Al8+”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate Ca alleviated Al8+ toxicity to barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Cae0
- Outcome
- toxic effect of AI8+e0
- Direction
- alleviatese0
- Qualifier
- at adequate concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of K, Ca, and Mg at adequate concentrations alleviates the toxic effect of AI8+”
e1“Elongation of barley roots is retarded by Al8+”
Claim · model-written summary
Adequate Mg alleviated Al8+ toxicity to barley roots.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Treatment
- Mge0
- Outcome
- toxic effect of AI8+e0
- Direction
- alleviatese0
- Qualifier
- at adequate concentrationse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The presence of K, Ca, and Mg at adequate concentrations alleviates the toxic effect of AI8+”
e1“Elongation of barley roots is retarded by Al8+”
The same questions in other papers
calcium atom · pest · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 paper in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
potassium · pest · Hordeum vulgare (barley)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.