Abstract
The conditions of NaOH treatment of rice straw to improve digestibility were investigated by varying the concentrations of NaOH and changing the length of the treatment period. The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude hemicellulose (CH) contents of straw remarkably decreased, as increasing the level of NaOH treatment from 1 to 4%. As the treatment period with NaOH proceeded from 0 to 21 days, the NDF, CH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude cellulose, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents in straw decreased. Lignin contents determined by the three lignin analytical methods were positively correlated with each other, but acetyl bromide lignin (AcBrL) value was significantly greater than Klason lignin (KL) and ADL values. The lignin contents of straw were reduced by NaOH treatment, and the degree of reduction was dependent on NaOH concentrations. In situ digestibilities of straw dry matter (DM) were negatively correlated with lignin contents. The degree of correlation for lignin values determined by the three methods with digestibility was similar, but AcBrL value was strongly correlated with DM digestibility. The increased in situ DM digestibility of NaOH treated straw suggests that NaOH treatment can effectively improve the nutritive value of rice straw for use as a ruminant feedstuff.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing NaOH treatment from 1% to 4% remarkably decreased NDF and CH contents of rice straw.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativat0 - Organ / stage
- strawe1
- Treatment
- increasing the level of NaOH treatment from 1 to 4%e1
- Outcome
- neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude hemicellulose (CH) contentse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e0“The conditions of NaOH treatment of rice straw to improve digestibility were investigated by varying the concentrations of NaOH and changing the length of the treatment period”
e1“The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude hemicellulose (CH) contents of straw remarkably decreased, as increasing the level of NaOH treatment from 1 to 4%”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer NaOH treatment periods (0 to 21 days) decreased NDF, CH and ADF contents of rice straw.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe2
- Treatment
- treatment period with NaOH proceeded from 0 to 21 dayse2
- Outcome
- NDF, CH, acid detergent fiber (ADF)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e2“As the treatment period with NaOH proceeded from 0 to 21 days, the NDF, CH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude cellulose, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents in straw decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Longer NaOH treatment periods (0 to 21 days) decreased crude cellulose and ADL contents of rice straw.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe2
- Treatment
- treatment period with NaOH proceeded from 0 to 21 dayse2
- Outcome
- crude cellulose, and acid detergent lignin (ADL)e2
- Direction
- decreasede2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e2“As the treatment period with NaOH proceeded from 0 to 21 days, the NDF, CH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude cellulose, and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents in straw decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
NaOH treatment reduced lignin contents of rice straw, with the reduction dependent on NaOH concentration.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Organ / stage
- strawe3
- Treatment
- NaOH treatmente3
- Outcome
- lignin contentse3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- dependent on NaOH concentrationse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e3“The lignin contents of straw were reduced by NaOH treatment, and the degree of reduction was dependent on NaOH concentrations”
Claim · model-written summary
Lignin values from the three lignin methods were positively correlated with each other in rice straw.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- Lignine4
- Outcome
- lignin contents determined by the three lignin analytical methodse4
- Direction
- positively correlatede4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e4“Lignin contents determined by the three lignin analytical methods were positively correlated with each other”
Claim · model-written summary
Acetyl bromide lignin (AcBrL) values were significantly greater than Klason lignin and ADL values in rice straw.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- acetyl bromide lignin (AcBrL) valuee5
- Direction
- greatere5
- Comparator
- Klason lignin (KL) and ADL valuese5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e5“acetyl bromide lignin (AcBrL) value was significantly greater than Klason lignin (KL) and ADL values”
Claim · model-written summary
In situ digestibility of rice straw dry matter was negatively correlated with lignin contents.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- lignine6
- Outcome
- In situ digestibilities of straw dry matter (DM)e6
- Direction
- negatively correlatede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e6“In situ digestibilities of straw dry matter (DM) were negatively correlated with lignin contents”
Claim · model-written summary
The degree of correlation of the three lignin methods with digestibility was similar.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- lignine7
- Outcome
- The degree of correlation for lignin values determined by the three methods with digestibilitye7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e7“The degree of correlation for lignin values determined by the three methods with digestibility was similar”
Claim · model-written summary
AcBrL value was strongly correlated with DM digestibility in rice straw.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Compound
- AcBrLe7
- Outcome
- DM digestibilitye7
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e7“AcBrL value was strongly correlated with DM digestibility”
Claim · model-written summary
NaOH treatment increased in situ DM digestibility of rice straw.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Treatment
- NaOH treated strawe0
- Outcome
- in situ DM digestibilitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e0“The increased in situ DM digestibility of NaOH treated straw suggests that NaOH treatment can effectively improve the nutritive value of rice straw for use as a ruminant feedstuff”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors conclude that NaOH treatment can effectively improve the nutritive value of rice straw as ruminant feedstuff.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativat0
- Outcome
- nutritive value of rice strawe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Rice Straw”
e0“The increased in situ DM digestibility of NaOH treated straw suggests that NaOH treatment can effectively improve the nutritive value of rice straw for use as a ruminant feedstuff”
The same questions in other papers
sodium hydroxide · quality: grain · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
1 in the opposite direction
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.