Abstract
Laboratory and green house experiments were carried out to evaluate the efficacy of fungicides, biological agents and host resistance in managing FHB and the associated T-2 toxin. In vitro activity of fungicides and antagonists was determined by paired culture method. Effect of microbial agents on FHB severity and mycotoxin content was determined by co-inoculating F. graminearum and F. poae with Alternaria spp., Epicoccum spp. and Trichoderma spp. Fungicides Pearl? (500 g/L carbendazim), Cotaf? (50 g/L hexaconacole), Thiovit? (micronised sulphur 80% w/w) and Folicur? (430 g/L tebuconazole) were the standard checks. Host resistance was determined by inoculating F. poae and F. graminearum to four wheat cultivars and fifteen lines in pot ex-periments. Fungicides resulted in 100% inhibition of pathogen radial growth in in vitro while microbial agents suppressed pathogen growth by up to 53%. Thiovit? and Trichoderma were the most effective in reducing FHB severity in green house pot experiments. The wheat cultivars and lines varied in susceptibility with cultivar Njoro BW II showing least susceptibility while line R1104, cv. Mbuni and cv. KIBIS were most susceptible. All the wheat cultivars and lines accumulated T-2 toxin by up to 5 to 28 μg/kg. The results indicated that neither fungicides nor antagonists can solely be relied on in managing FHB and toxin accumulation. Therefore, integration of biocontrol agents, fungicides and further breeding efforts to improve lines and cultivars with promising resistance to FHB and T2-toxin contamina-tion is recommended.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Fungicides inhibit radial growth of the wheat Fusarium head blight pathogen by 100% in vitro.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Fungicidese0
- Outcome
- pathogen radial growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitione0
- Value
- 100%e0
- Setting
- in vitroe0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contamination in Wheat”
e0“Fungicides resulted in 100% inhibition of pathogen radial growth in in vitro”
Claim · model-written summary
Microbial agents suppressed pathogen growth in wheat Fusarium head blight trials by up to 53%.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- microbial agentse1
- Outcome
- pathogen growthe1
- Direction
- suppressede1
- Value
- up to 53%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contamination in Wheat”
e1“microbial agents suppressed pathogen growth by up to 53%”
Claim · model-written summary
Thiofungicide Thiovit? was among the most effective treatments in reducing FHB severity in wheat in greenhouse pot experiments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Thiovit?e2
- Outcome
- FHB severitye2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Setting
- green house pot experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contamination in Wheat”
e2“Thiovit? and Trichoderma were the most effective in reducing FHB severity in green house pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Trichoderma was among the most effective treatments in reducing FHB severity in wheat in greenhouse pot experiments.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Trichodermae2
- Interactor
- Trichoderma
Trichodermae2biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- FHB severitye2
- Direction
- reducinge2
- Setting
- green house pot experimentse2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contamination in Wheat”
e2“Thiovit? and Trichoderma were the most effective in reducing FHB severity in green house pot experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat cultivar Njoro BW II showed least susceptibility among the tested wheat cultivars and lines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Material
- cultivar Njoro BW IIe3
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye3
- Direction
- leaste3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The wheat cultivars and lines varied in susceptibility with cultivar Njoro BW II showing least susceptibility”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat line R1104 was most susceptible among the tested wheat cultivars and lines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Material
- line R1104e4
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye3
- Direction
- moste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The wheat cultivars and lines varied in susceptibility with cultivar Njoro BW II showing least susceptibility”
e4“line R1104, cv. Mbuni and cv. KIBIS were most susceptible”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat cultivar Mbuni was most susceptible among the tested wheat cultivars and lines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Material
- cv. Mbunie4
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye3
- Direction
- moste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The wheat cultivars and lines varied in susceptibility with cultivar Njoro BW II showing least susceptibility”
e4“line R1104, cv. Mbuni and cv. KIBIS were most susceptible”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat cultivar KIBIS was most susceptible among the tested wheat cultivars and lines.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume3
- Material
- cv. KIBISe4
- Outcome
- susceptibilitye3
- Direction
- moste4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“The wheat cultivars and lines varied in susceptibility with cultivar Njoro BW II showing least susceptibility”
e4“line R1104, cv. Mbuni and cv. KIBIS were most susceptible”
Claim · model-written summary
All tested wheat cultivars and lines accumulated T-2 toxin, up to 5 to 28 μg/kg.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume5
- Outcome
- T-2 toxine5
- Value
- 5 to 28 μg/kge5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“All the wheat cultivars and lines accumulated T-2 toxin by up to 5 to 28 μg/kg”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither fungicides nor antagonists can be relied on alone for managing wheat FHB and toxin accumulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- managing FHB and toxin accumulatione6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contamination in Wheat”
e6“neither fungicides nor antagonists can solely be relied on in managing FHB and toxin accumulation”
Claim · model-written summary
Integration of biocontrol agents, fungicides and further breeding efforts is recommended for wheat FHB and T-2 toxin contamination.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- integration of biocontrol agents, fungicides and further breeding effortse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Contamination in Wheat”
e7“integration of biocontrol agents, fungicides and further breeding efforts to improve lines and cultivars with promising resistance to FHB and T2-toxin contamina-tion is recommended”
The same questions in other papers
Trichoderma · disease · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
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134 papers in the same direction as this paper · 19 in the opposite direction · 3 reporting no difference from an alternative
- no effect
- positive
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See all 157 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.