Abstract
Abstract Foliar fertilizers (FF) applied at the reproductive growth stage was reported to increase soybean ( Glycine max L. Merr.) yield in field trials. But yield increases have not been consistent. Field experiments were conducted on Calloway silt loam soil in 1981—1982 to determine the effect of two foliar fertilizer (FF) formulations, 16N + 4P + 4K + 1 S (Hanway) and 12 N + 4 P + 4 K + 0.5 S (Folian), and time of application, 0800‐ and 1900‐h, on the growth of seven soybean cultivars from maturity groups V, VI, and VII. Foliar fertilizers were applied at a rate of 187 L/ha −1 in water by a backpack CO 2 pressure sprayer at R5 to R6 growth stages. Foliar fertilizers caused no crop injury (leaf burn) when applied at 1900‐h but caused moderate injury at 0800‐h, which caused a yield reduction. The most significant crop injury was caused by Hanway formulation when applied at 0800‐h. Yields were significantly reduced by FF in 1981 but not in 1982. Generally, Folian formulation treatments had higher yields than Hanway formulation treatments, but neither formulation increased yield above that of the untreated plants. The Bragg cultivar exhibited the least amount of crop injury and the most positive yield response to FF. Plant height, 100‐seed weight and lodging rates were not adversely affected by the foliar applications. Due to the general lack of consistent yield increases or in some instances yield reduction from FF applications, the formulations used cannot be recommended for use by soybean producers.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizers applied at 1900 h caused no soybean crop injury.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- Foliar fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- crop injurye1
- Qualifier
- applied at 1900‐he1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e1“Foliar fertilizers caused no crop injury (leaf burn) when applied at 1900‐h but caused moderate injury at 0800‐h, which caused a yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizers applied at 0800 h caused moderate soybean crop injury.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- moderate injurye1
- Qualifier
- at 0800‐he1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e1“Foliar fertilizers caused no crop injury (leaf burn) when applied at 1900‐h but caused moderate injury at 0800‐h, which caused a yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizers applied at 0800 h reduced soybean yield.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Foliar fertilizerse1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- reductione1
- Qualifier
- at 0800‐he1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e1“Foliar fertilizers caused no crop injury (leaf burn) when applied at 1900‐h but caused moderate injury at 0800‐h, which caused a yield reduction”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizers significantly reduced soybean yield in 1981.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e0“Yields were significantly reduced by FF in 1981 but not in 1982”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar fertilizers did not significantly reduce soybean yield in 1982.
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e0“Yields were significantly reduced by FF in 1981 but not in 1982”
Claim · model-written summary
Folian formulation treatments had higher soybean yields than Hanway formulation treatments.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Folian formulation treatmentse2
- Outcome
- yieldse2
- Direction
- highere2
- Comparator
- Hanway formulation treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e2“Generally, Folian formulation treatments had higher yields than Hanway formulation treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Hanway formulation applied at 0800 h caused the most significant soybean crop injury.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Hanway formulatione4
- Outcome
- crop injurye4
- Direction
- most significante4
- Qualifier
- applied at 0800‐he4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e4“The most significant crop injury was caused by Hanway formulation when applied at 0800‐h”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither foliar fertilizer formulation increased soybean yield above that of untreated plants.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- formulatione3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Comparator
- untreated plantse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e3“neither formulation increased yield above that of the untreated plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Bragg soybean cultivar showed the least crop injury to foliar fertilizer.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e5“The Bragg cultivar exhibited the least amount of crop injury and the most positive yield response to FF”
Claim · model-written summary
Bragg soybean cultivar showed the most positive yield response to foliar fertilizer.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Bragge5
- Treatment
- FFe5
- Outcome
- yield responsee5
- Direction
- most positivee5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e5“The Bragg cultivar exhibited the least amount of crop injury and the most positive yield response to FF”
Claim · model-written summary
Foliar applications did not adversely affect soybean plant height, 100-seed weight or lodging rate.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- foliar applicationse6
- Outcome
- Plant height, 100‐seed weight and lodging ratese6
- Direction
- not adversely affectede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Cultivars”
e6“Plant height, 100‐seed weight and lodging rates were not adversely affected by the foliar applications”
Claim · model-written summary
The tested foliar fertilizer formulations cannot be recommended for soybean producers.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe7
- Outcome
- cannot be recommended for usee7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“the formulations used cannot be recommended for use by soybean producers”
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