Abstract
Abstract The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projects that atmospheric [CO 2 ] will reach 550 ppm by 2050. Numerous assessments of plant response to elevated [CO 2 ] have been conducted in chambers and enclosures, with only a few studies reporting responses in fully open‐air, field conditions. Reported yields for the world's two major grain crops, wheat and rice, are substantially lower in free‐air CO 2 enrichment (FACE) than predicted from similar elevated [CO 2 ] experiments within chambers. This discrepancy has major implications for forecasting future global food supply. Globally, the leguminous‐crop soybean ( Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is planted on more land than any other dicotyledonous crop. Previous studies have shown that total dry mass production increased on average 37% in response to increasing [CO 2 ] to approximately 700 ppm, but harvestable yield will increase only 24%. Is this representative of soybean responses under open‐air field conditions? The effects of elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppm on total production, partitioning and yield of soybean over 3 years are reported. This is the first FACE study of soybean ( http://www.soyface.uiuc.edu ) and the first on crops in the Midwest of North America, one of the major food production regions of the globe. Although increases in both aboveground net primary production (17–18%) and yield (15%) were consistent across three growing seasons and two cultivars, the relative stimulation was less than projected from previous chamber experiments. As in previous studies, partitioning to seed dry mass decreased; however, net production during vegetative growth did not increase and crop maturation was delayed, not accelerated as previously reported. These results suggest that chamber studies may have over‐estimated the stimulatory effect of rising [CO 2 ], with important implications on global food supply forecasts.
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Claims 6
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 (550 ppm) increased soybean aboveground net primary production by 17-18%, consistently across three seasons and two cultivars.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Material
- two cultivarse1
- Treatment
- elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppme0
- Outcome
- aboveground net primary productione1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 17–18%e1
- Setting
- Midwest of North Americae5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppm on total production, partitioning and yield of soybean over 3 years are reported”
e1“Although increases in both aboveground net primary production (17–18%) and yield (15%) were consistent across three growing seasons and two cultivars”
e5“the first on crops in the Midwest of North America”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 (550 ppm) increased soybean yield by 15%.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppme0
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- increasese1
- Value
- 15%e1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppm on total production, partitioning and yield of soybean over 3 years are reported”
e1“Although increases in both aboveground net primary production (17–18%) and yield (15%) were consistent across three growing seasons and two cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The relative stimulation of soybean production by elevated CO2 was less than projected from previous chamber experiments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppme0
- Outcome
- relative stimulatione2
- Direction
- lesse2
- Comparator
- previous chamber experimentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppm on total production, partitioning and yield of soybean over 3 years are reported”
e2“the relative stimulation was less than projected from previous chamber experiments”
Claim · model-written summary
Partitioning to seed dry mass decreased under elevated CO2 in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppme0
- Outcome
- partitioning to seed dry masse3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppm on total production, partitioning and yield of soybean over 3 years are reported”
e3“As in previous studies, partitioning to seed dry mass decreased”
Claim · model-written summary
Net production during vegetative growth did not increase under elevated CO2 in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppme0
- Outcome
- net production during vegetative growthe4
- Direction
- did not increasee4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppm on total production, partitioning and yield of soybean over 3 years are reported”
e4“net production during vegetative growth did not increase and crop maturation was delayed, not accelerated as previously reported”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop maturation in soybean was delayed, not accelerated, under elevated CO2.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppme0
- Outcome
- crop maturatione4
- Direction
- delayede4
- Qualifier
- not acceleratede4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The effects of elevation of [CO 2 ] to 550 ppm on total production, partitioning and yield of soybean over 3 years are reported”
e4“net production during vegetative growth did not increase and crop maturation was delayed, not accelerated as previously reported”
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