Abstract
summary Grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a C 4 crop] and soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Stonewall, a C 3 crop] plants were grown in ambient ( c. 360μl 1 −1 ) and twice‐ambient ( c. 720 μl 1 −1 ) CO 2 levels in open‐top chambers in soil without root constriction. Plant dry mass, energy content, composition and construction cost (i.e. amount of carbohydrate required to synthesize a unit of plant dry mass) were assessed at the end of the growing season. Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species, (b) had little affect on energy concentration (MJ kg −1 plant) but caused large increases in the amount of plant energy per ground area (MJ m −2 ground), and (c) did not alter specific growth cost (kg carbohydrate kg −1 plant growth) but greatly increased growth cost per ground area (kg carbohydrate m −2 ground) because growth was enhanced. For soybean, twice‐ambient CO 2 resulted in a 50 % increase in the amount of nitrogen and energy in grain (seed plus pod) per ground area. This response to elevated CO 2 has important implications for agricultural productivity during the next century because the rate of human population growth is exceeding the rate of increase of land used for agriculture so that future food demands can only be met by greater production per ground area.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Glycine max phytomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- Glycine max
Glycine maxe2 - Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- phytomass accumulatione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- kg per plante3
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Stonewall”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had little effect on Glycine max energy concentration.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- energy concentratione4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Stonewall”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
e4“had little affect on energy concentration (MJ kg −1 plant) but caused large increases in the amount of plant energy per ground area (MJ m −2 ground)”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased the amount of Glycine max plant energy per ground area.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- amount of plant energy per ground areae4
- Direction
- increasese4
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Stonewall”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
e4“had little affect on energy concentration (MJ kg −1 plant) but caused large increases in the amount of plant energy per ground area (MJ m −2 ground)”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not alter the specific growth cost of Glycine max.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- specific growth coste5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Stonewall”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
e5“did not alter specific growth cost (kg carbohydrate kg −1 plant growth) but greatly increased growth cost per ground area (kg carbohydrate m −2 ground) because growth was enhanced”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased the growth cost per ground area of Glycine max.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- growth cost per ground areae5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Stonewall”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
e5“did not alter specific growth cost (kg carbohydrate kg −1 plant growth) but greatly increased growth cost per ground area (kg carbohydrate m −2 ground) because growth was enhanced”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Twice-ambient CO2 increased nitrogen and energy in soybean grain per ground area by 50%.
- Taxon
- Glycine maxGlycine maxe2
- Treatment
- twice‐ambient CO 2e6
- Outcome
- nitrogen and energy in graine6
- Direction
- increasee6
- Value
- 50 %e6
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Stonewall”
e0“grown in ambient”
e6“For soybean, twice‐ambient CO 2 resulted in a 50 % increase in the amount of nitrogen and energy in grain (seed plus pod) per ground area”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased Sorghum bicolor phytomass accumulation.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolor
Sorghum bicolore1 - Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- phytomass accumulatione3
- Direction
- increasede3
- Qualifier
- kg per plante3
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a C 4 crop”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 had little effect on Sorghum bicolor energy concentration.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- energy concentratione4
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede4
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a C 4 crop”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
e4“had little affect on energy concentration (MJ kg −1 plant) but caused large increases in the amount of plant energy per ground area (MJ m −2 ground)”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased the amount of Sorghum bicolor plant energy per ground area.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- amount of plant energy per ground areae4
- Direction
- increasese4
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a C 4 crop”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
e4“had little affect on energy concentration (MJ kg −1 plant) but caused large increases in the amount of plant energy per ground area (MJ m −2 ground)”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 did not alter the specific growth cost of Sorghum bicolor.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- specific growth coste5
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede5
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a C 4 crop”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
e5“did not alter specific growth cost (kg carbohydrate kg −1 plant growth) but greatly increased growth cost per ground area (kg carbohydrate m −2 ground) because growth was enhanced”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
Claim · model-written summary
Elevated CO2 increased the growth cost per ground area of Sorghum bicolor.
- Taxon
- Sorghum bicolorSorghum bicolore1
- Treatment
- Elevated CO 2e3
- Outcome
- growth cost per ground areae5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- ambiente0
- Setting
- in the fieldt0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, a C 4 crop”
e0“grown in ambient”
e3“Elevated CO 2 (a) increased phytomass accumulation (kg per plant) in both species”
e5“did not alter specific growth cost (kg carbohydrate kg −1 plant growth) but greatly increased growth cost per ground area (kg carbohydrate m −2 ground) because growth was enhanced”
t0“grown in elevated CO2 in the field”
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co2 · molecular: metabolites · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
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See all 96 papers →co2 · molecular: metabolites · Sorghum bicolor (sorghum)Results agree
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.