Abstract
Maize genotypes were grown in nutrient solutions with different levels of Al and P to study genetic variability and the inheritance of Al tolerance. Brazilian inbred lines evaluated on acid soils of that country were substantially more tolerant than American lines when grown in nutrient solutions with added Al. Responses of inbred lines to Al levels were found to be affected by the P level in the nutrient solution. The inheritance of Al tolerance was studied in nutrient solutions with 185 (mu)M Al and 45 (mu)M P. Root lengths of generations (P(,1), P(,2), F(,1), F(,2), BC(,1) and BC(,2)) derived from crosses between tolerant and nontolerant inbred lines showed that additive gene effects explained most of the genetic variation for Al tolerance. Dominance effects accounted for about half as much variation as did additive effects. Epistasis effects were small compared to the others. The frequency distributions of plants within the F(,2) generations were found to be continuous, unimodal and typical for a quantitatively inherited trait, with a general tendency for nontolerance to be dominant over tolerance. In a diallel cross among inbred lines, the analysis of F(,1) crosses indicated that the variance for general combining ability explained most of the variation, but specific combining ability was always statistically significant. The original Brazilian population "Composto Amplo" and the fourth cycle of selection for grain yield in an acid soil of that country were compared at different Al levels in nutrient solution. Root lengths of the original population were longer at low and shorter at high Al levels when compared with the selected population. However, the selection in acid soil decreased the frequency of the most Al tolerant plants. When both "Composto Amplo" populations were compared with temperate and temperate x tropical populations they were found to have high frequency of genes for tolerance. Energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence analyses for mineral element concentrations and contents in tops and roots of maize populations were made. Except for low Cu concentration in roots, the mineral elements determinations were not related to Al tolerant genotypes.
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Claims 14
Claim · model-written summary
Brazilian inbred lines were substantially more aluminium tolerant than American lines in nutrient solution.
- Material
- Brazilian inbred linese0
- Treatment
- added Ale0
- Outcome
- more tolerante0
- Direction
- substantially more tolerante0
- Comparator
- American linese0
- Setting
- acid soils of that countrye0
Zea maysOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Brazilian inbred lines evaluated on acid soils of that country were substantially more tolerant than American lines when grown in nutrient solutions with added Al.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Phosphorus level affected the response of inbred lines to aluminium.
- Material
- inbred linese0
- Treatment
- P level in the nutrient solutione0
- Outcome
- Responses of inbred lines to Al levelse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Responses of inbred lines to Al levels were found to be affected by the P level in the nutrient solution.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Additive effects explained most genetic variation in aluminium tolerance.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“additive gene effects explained most of the genetic variation for Al tolerance.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Dominance effects accounted for about half as much variation as additive effects.
- Gene
- Dominance effectse0
- Outcome
- variatione0
- Direction
- half as muche0
- Value
- half as muche0
- Comparator
- additive effectse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Dominance effects accounted for about half as much variation as did additive effects.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Epistatic effects were small compared with additive and dominance effects.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Epistasis effects were small compared to the others.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
F2 aluminium tolerance followed continuous unimodal distributions typical of quantitative inheritance.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The frequency distributions of plants within the F(,2) generations were found to be continuous, unimodal and typical for a quantitatively inherited trait”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Nontolerance tended to dominate tolerance in F2 generations.
- Outcome
- nontolerance to be dominant over tolerancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“with a general tendency for nontolerance to be dominant over tolerance.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
General combining ability variance explained most variation in the diallel F1 crosses.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the variance for general combining ability explained most of the variation”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Specific combining ability was statistically significant in the diallel analysis.
- Outcome
- specific combining abilitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“specific combining ability was always statistically significant.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
The original Composto Amplo population had longer roots than the selected population at low aluminium.
- Material
- original populatione0
- Treatment
- Al levelse0
- Outcome
- Root lengthse0
- Direction
- longere0
- Qualifier
- lowe0
- Comparator
- selected populatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root lengths of the original population were longer at low and shorter at high Al levels when compared with the selected population.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
The original Composto Amplo population had shorter roots than the selected population at high aluminium.
- Material
- original populatione0
- Treatment
- Al levelse0
- Outcome
- Root lengthse0
- Direction
- shortere0
- Qualifier
- highe0
- Comparator
- selected populatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Root lengths of the original population were longer at low and shorter at high Al levels when compared with the selected population.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Selection in acid soil decreased the frequency of the most aluminium tolerant plants.
- Treatment
- selection in acid soile0
- Outcome
- frequency of the most Al tolerant plantse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the selection in acid soil decreased the frequency of the most Al tolerant plants.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Composto Amplo populations had a high frequency of tolerance genes relative to temperate and temperate by tropical populations.
- Material
- "Composto Amplo" populationse0
- Outcome
- frequency of genes for tolerancee0
- Direction
- highe0
- Comparator
- temperate and temperate x tropical populationse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When both "Composto Amplo" populations were compared with temperate and temperate x tropical populations they were found to have high frequency of genes for tolerance.”
t0“MAIZE”
Claim · model-written summary
Except for low copper concentration in roots, mineral element determinations were unrelated to aluminium tolerant genotypes.
- Material
- Al tolerant genotypese0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Compound
- Cue0
- Outcome
- mineral elements determinationse0
- Direction
- not relatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Except for low Cu concentration in roots, the mineral elements determinations were not related to Al tolerant genotypes.”
t0“MAIZE”
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See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.