Abstract
The most agronomically efficient use of irrigation water is for those crops that give the greatest response. In the Mississippi River alluvial plain, the primary irrigated crop is soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], but the response of soybean to irrigation has not been compared to that of other crops. Irrigated and nonirrigated experiments were conducted from 1984 through 1987 on Tunica clay (clayey over loamy, montmorillonitic, nonacid, thermic Vertic Haplaquept) to determine the effect of irrigation on field‐grown corn ( Zea mays L.), sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchl, and soybean yield and yield components. Shifts in weed species composition resulting from continuous monocropping with these crops also were quantified. Irrigation was applied from beginning bloom to near matarity of each crop whenever soil water potential at the 30‐cm soil depth averaged about —70 kPa. Irrigation did not consistently affect weed cover in any of the crops. Weed level differences among crops resulted from different weed control programs for each continuous cropping system. Differences between average seed yields of irrigated (I) and nonirrigated (NI) corn, sorghum, and soybean 2886, 694, and 1574 kg ha ‐1 , respectively. Sorghum produced the most stable nonirrigated yield and the smallest increase in monetary return from irrigation. Differences between I and NI corn and soybean yields were associated with increased number of seed. Smaller sorghum yield differences were associated with differences in seed weight or a combination of differences in seed weight and number of seed. Across the 4 yr, irrigation of corn and soybean produced nearly equal increases in gross income per unit of land area, but irrigation efficiency for soybean was lower because achieving the increased return from irrigation required nearly twice as much water for soybean as for corn.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not consistently affect weed cover in corn.
- Taxon
- corn
Zea mays subsp. mayse1 - Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed covere0
- Direction
- did not consistently affecte0
- Comparator
- nonirrigatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation did not consistently affect weed cover in any of the crops”
e1“corn ( Zea mays L.), sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchl, and soybean yield”
e2“nonirrigated (NI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not consistently affect weed cover in sorghum.
- Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed covere0
- Direction
- did not consistently affecte0
- Comparator
- nonirrigatede2
SorghumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation did not consistently affect weed cover in any of the crops”
e1“sorghum [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moenchl”
e2“nonirrigated (NI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigation did not consistently affect weed cover in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- Irrigatione0
- Interactor
- weede0weed
- Outcome
- weed covere0
- Direction
- did not consistently affecte0
- Comparator
- nonirrigatede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrigation did not consistently affect weed cover in any of the crops”
e1“soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.]”
e2“nonirrigated (NI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Weed levels differed among crops as a result of differing weed-control programs.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“Weed level differences among crops resulted from different weed control programs for each continuous cropping system”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated corn averaged 2886 kg ha ‐1 more seed yield than nonirrigated corn.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- irrigatede0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Value
- 2886, 694, and 1574 kg ha ‐1e0
- Comparator
- nonirrigatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences between average seed yields of irrigated (I) and nonirrigated (NI) corn, sorghum, and soybean 2886, 694, and 1574 kg ha ‐1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated sorghum averaged 694 kg ha ‐1 more seed yield than nonirrigated sorghum.
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences between average seed yields of irrigated (I) and nonirrigated (NI) corn, sorghum, and soybean 2886, 694, and 1574 kg ha ‐1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Irrigated soybean averaged 1574 kg ha ‐1 more seed yield than nonirrigated soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- irrigatede0
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Value
- 1574 kg ha ‐1e0
- Comparator
- nonirrigatede0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences between average seed yields of irrigated (I) and nonirrigated (NI) corn, sorghum, and soybean 2886, 694, and 1574 kg ha ‐1 , respectively”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum had the most stable nonirrigated yield.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum produced the most stable nonirrigated yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Sorghum had the smallest increase in monetary return from irrigation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Sorghum produced the most stable nonirrigated yield and the smallest increase in monetary return from irrigation”
e1“nonirrigated (NI)”
Claim · model-written summary
The corn yield difference with irrigation was associated with increased seed number.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences between I and NI corn and soybean yields were associated with increased number of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
The soybean yield difference with irrigation was associated with increased seed number.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Organ / stage
- seede0
- Outcome
- yieldse0
- Direction
- increasede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Differences between I and NI corn and soybean yields were associated with increased number of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Smaller sorghum yield differences were associated with seed weight or seed weight and number.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Smaller sorghum yield differences were associated with differences in seed weight or a combination of differences in seed weight and number of seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Corn irrigation produced nearly equal gross-income gains per land area to soybean irrigation over four years.
- Taxon
- cornZea mays subsp. mayse0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- gross income per unit of land areae0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- nearly equale0
- Comparator
- nonirrigatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across the 4 yr, irrigation of corn and soybean produced nearly equal increases in gross income per unit of land area”
e1“nonirrigated (NI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean irrigation produced nearly equal gross-income gains per land area to corn irrigation over four years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- irrigatione0
- Outcome
- gross income per unit of land areae0
- Direction
- increasese0
- Qualifier
- nearly equale0
- Comparator
- nonirrigatede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Across the 4 yr, irrigation of corn and soybean produced nearly equal increases in gross income per unit of land area”
e1“nonirrigated (NI)”
Claim · model-written summary
Soybean had lower irrigation efficiency than corn because it required nearly twice as much water for increased returns.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- irrigation efficiencye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Qualifier
- nearly twice as much watere0
- Comparator
- corne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“irrigation efficiency for soybean was lower because achieving the increased return from irrigation required nearly twice as much water for soybean as for corn”
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See all 1,016 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.