Abstract
Abstract Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils. Iron is essential for chlorophyll biosynthesis and any deficiencies may hinder photosynthetic capabilities of the plant that may result in yield loss. Proper management and/or cultivar selection may reduce this problem. The objective of this study was to determine the most effective treatment efficacy of several common fertilizer treatments and several different cultivars for controlling iron deficiency chlorosis in soybean in Kansas. Field evaluations at three locations were conducted for two seasons. In the first season, treatments consisted of: four rates (11.2, 22.4, 44.8, and 89.6 kg ha−1) of 28% granular iron sulfate fertilizer placed with the seed, or 5 cm away from the seed, at planting; two applications of an iron foliar spray; an iron chelate seed treatment; and an untreated control. The following season, the 44.8 kg ha−1 rate was placed with the seed, the iron chelate seed treatment, and the untreated control were re‐tested, along with 44.8 kg ha−1 of 20% granular iron sulfate fertilizer, increased seeding rates of 40 and 52 seeds m−1, two plant residue treatments of 3.6 and 8.4 kg ha−1 with 44.8 kg ha−1 iron fertilizer incorporated into the soil before planting; a resistant genotype; a moderately resistant genotype; and a moderately resistant genotype with 44.8 kg ha−1 iron fertilizer added. Entries were analyzed in a repeated measures design for chlorosis visual scores and a randomized complete block design for agronomic characteristics. The plants were visually evaluated for chlorosis every two weeks until the plants outgrew the chlorosis or reached maturity. In the second year, plants were also evaluated for maturity date, lodging, height, stand, seed weight, and yield. In 1999, no yield data was taken due to severe stand reduction and overall poor growth in all of the plots. In 1999, no treatment was consistently better at reducing iron chlorosis symptoms than the control; however, placing 44.8 kg ha−1 iron sulfate with the seed significantly reduced chlorosis scores compared to the control at one location. In 2000, the resistant genotype had significantly lower chlorosis scores than all other treatments for the first few weeks of growth. In two of the three locations, the resistant genotype had the lowest yield. The iron fertilizer, seeding rate, plant residue, and iron chelate treatments did not significantly reduce chlorosis scores compared to the control. Increasing the seeding rate did significantly increase seed yield at some sites. Iron deficiency chlorosis was not adequately controlled by any of the evaluated commercial fertilizer products. Using resistant genotypes may be the most effective treatment if yield potential for these cultivars can be improved. Increasing seeding rate may represent a viable option to minimize moderate iron deficiency symptoms.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
In 1999, no treatment was consistently better than the control at reducing iron chlorosis symptoms in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe0 - Outcome
- iron chlorosis symptomse1
- Direction
- better at reducinge1
- Comparator
- the controle1
Not reportedTreatment
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e1“In 1999, no treatment was consistently better at reducing iron chlorosis symptoms than the control”
Claim · model-written summary
In 1999, placing 44.8 kg ha−1 iron sulfate with the seed significantly reduced chlorosis scores compared with the control at one location.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- placing 44.8 kg ha−1 iron sulfate with the seede1
- Outcome
- chlorosis scorese1
- Direction
- significantly reducede1
- Comparator
- the controle1
- Setting
- at one locatione1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e1“placing 44.8 kg ha−1 iron sulfate with the seed significantly reduced chlorosis scores compared to the control at one location”
Claim · model-written summary
In 2000, the resistant genotype had significantly lower chlorosis scores than all other treatments for the first few weeks of growth.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- resistant genotypee2
- Outcome
- chlorosis scorese2
- Direction
- significantly lowere2
- Qualifier
- for the first few weeks of growthe2
- Comparator
- all other treatmentse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e2“In 2000, the resistant genotype had significantly lower chlorosis scores than all other treatments for the first few weeks of growth”
Claim · model-written summary
In two of three locations, the resistant genotype had the lowest soybean yield.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Material
- resistant genotypee3
- Outcome
- yielde3
- Direction
- loweste3
- Setting
- two of the three locationse3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e3“In two of the three locations, the resistant genotype had the lowest yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing the seeding rate significantly increased seed yield at some sites.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- Increasing the seeding ratee4
- Outcome
- seed yielde4
- Direction
- significantly increasee4
- Qualifier
- at some sitese4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e4“Increasing the seeding rate did significantly increase seed yield at some sites”
Claim · model-written summary
The iron fertilizer treatment did not significantly reduce chlorosis scores compared with the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- iron fertilizere5
- Outcome
- chlorosis scorese5
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e5“The iron fertilizer, seeding rate, plant residue, and iron chelate treatments did not significantly reduce chlorosis scores compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The seeding rate treatment did not significantly reduce chlorosis scores compared with the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- seeding ratee5
- Outcome
- chlorosis scorese5
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e5“The iron fertilizer, seeding rate, plant residue, and iron chelate treatments did not significantly reduce chlorosis scores compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The plant residue treatment did not significantly reduce chlorosis scores compared with the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- plant residuee5
- Outcome
- chlorosis scorese5
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e5“The iron fertilizer, seeding rate, plant residue, and iron chelate treatments did not significantly reduce chlorosis scores compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
The iron chelate seed treatment did not significantly reduce chlorosis scores compared with the control.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- iron chelatee5
- Outcome
- chlorosis scorese5
- Direction
- did not significantly reducee5
- Comparator
- the controle5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e5“The iron fertilizer, seeding rate, plant residue, and iron chelate treatments did not significantly reduce chlorosis scores compared to the control”
Claim · model-written summary
Iron deficiency chlorosis was not adequately controlled by any of the evaluated commercial fertilizer products.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- commercial fertilizer productse6
- Outcome
- Iron deficiency chlorosise6
- Direction
- not adequately controllede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e6“Iron deficiency chlorosis was not adequately controlled by any of the evaluated commercial fertilizer products”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant genotypes may be the most effective chlorosis treatment if yield potential of these cultivars can be improved.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Using resistant genotypese7
- Qualifier
- if yield potential for these cultivars can be improvede7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e7“Using resistant genotypes may be the most effective treatment if yield potential for these cultivars can be improved”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing seeding rate may be a viable option to minimize moderate iron deficiency symptoms in soybean.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Outcome
- Increasing seeding ratee1
- Qualifier
- to minimize moderate iron deficiency symptomse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Iron deficiency chlorosis is a common problem for soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grown on calcareous soils.”
e1“Increasing seeding rate may represent a viable option to minimize moderate iron deficiency symptoms”
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