Abstract
Summary Orobanche crenata (crenate broomrape) produces serious damage to many legume crops and particularly becomes a limiting factor for pea production in the Mediterranean basin. Nodulation effects on pea–broomrape relationships were studied using the commercial pea cultivar Douce de Provence and different Rhizobium strains using pot and Petri dish experiments. First, the benefit of bacterial inoculation on plant growth and efficiency of N incorporation were demonstrated for two isolates, P.SOM and P.1236. These isolates did not influence parasite germination induced by the artificial stimulant, GR24. In contrast, pea root inoculation with P.SOM and P.1236 isolates led to a reduced root infection by O. crenata , resulting from a lower Orobanche germination rate close to pea roots and a limited capacity of the parasitic seedlings to develop tubercles. Broomrape necrosis was observed both before and after parasite attachment to inoculated pea roots. Concomitantly, reduction in infection was accompanied by enhanced peroxidase activity and constantly high phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in pea roots. These data suggest the involvement of these enzymes in pea resistance to crenate broomrape induced by the compatible rhizobia. Management of Orobanche via crop selection based on these enzyme systems is a viable option.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
P.SOM inoculation benefited pea growth and nitrogen incorporation.
- Taxon
- peas
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- P.SOMe0
- Outcome
- plant growth and efficiency of N incorporatione0
- Direction
- benefite0
RhizobiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benefit of bacterial inoculation on plant growth and efficiency of N incorporation were demonstrated for two isolates, P.SOM and P.1236”
t0“peas”
t1“Rhizobium leguminosarum”
Claim · model-written summary
P.1236 inoculation benefited pea growth and nitrogen incorporation.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- P.1236e0
- Interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarum
Rhizobium leguminosarumt1symbiont - Outcome
- plant growth and efficiency of N incorporatione0
- Direction
- benefite0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“benefit of bacterial inoculation on plant growth and efficiency of N incorporation were demonstrated for two isolates, P.SOM and P.1236”
t0“peas”
t1“Rhizobium leguminosarum”
Claim · model-written summary
Neither isolate changed GR24-induced parasite germination.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- These isolatese0
- Interactor
- Orobanche crenata
Orobanche crenatat1parasite - Outcome
- parasite germinatione0
- Direction
- did not influencee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These isolates did not influence parasite germination induced by the artificial stimulant, GR24”
t0“peas”
t1“Orobanche crenata”
Claim · model-written summary
P.SOM inoculation reduced pea root infection by broomrape.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- P.SOMe0
- Interactor
- O. crenataOrobanche crenatae0parasite
- Second interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- root infection by O. crenatae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pea root inoculation with P.SOM and P.1236 isolates led to a reduced root infection by O. crenata”
t0“Rhizobium leguminosarum strains in peas”
Claim · model-written summary
P.1236 inoculation reduced pea root infection by broomrape.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- P.1236e0
- Interactor
- O. crenataOrobanche crenatae0parasite
- Second interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- root infection by O. crenatae0
- Direction
- reducede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“pea root inoculation with P.SOM and P.1236 isolates led to a reduced root infection by O. crenata”
t0“Rhizobium leguminosarum strains in peas”
Claim · model-written summary
Broomrape germination near inoculated pea roots was lower.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium leguminosarumt0
- Second interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- Orobanche germination ratee0
- Direction
- lowere0
OrobancheNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a lower Orobanche germination rate close to pea roots”
t0“Rhizobium leguminosarum”
Claim · model-written summary
Parasitic seedlings had limited capacity to form tubercles near inoculated pea roots.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Rhizobium leguminosarumt0
- Interactor
- Orobanche crenataOrobanche crenatat0parasite
- Second interactor
- Rhizobium leguminosarumRhizobium leguminosarumt0symbiont
- Outcome
- capacity of the parasitic seedlings to develop tuberclese0
- Direction
- limitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a limited capacity of the parasitic seedlings to develop tubercles”
t0“Rhizobium leguminosarum strains in peas decrease infections when parasitised by Orobanche crenata”
Claim · model-written summary
Broomrape necrosis occurred before and after attachment to inoculated pea roots.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- Orobanche crenataOrobanche crenatat0parasite
- Outcome
- Broomrape necrosise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Broomrape necrosis was observed both before and after parasite attachment to inoculated pea roots”
t0“Orobanche crenata”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced infection coincided with enhanced peroxidase activity in pea roots.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- Orobanche crenataOrobanche crenatat0parasite
- Gene
- peroxidasee0
- Outcome
- peroxidase activitye0
- Direction
- enhancede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction in infection was accompanied by enhanced peroxidase activity and constantly high phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in pea roots”
t0“Orobanche crenata”
Claim · model-written summary
Reduced infection coincided with constantly high phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in pea roots.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- Orobanche crenataOrobanche crenatat0parasite
- Gene
- phenylalanine ammonia lyasee0
- Outcome
- phenylalanine ammonia lyase activitye0
- Direction
- constantly highe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“reduction in infection was accompanied by enhanced peroxidase activity and constantly high phenylalanine ammonia lyase activity in pea roots”
t0“Orobanche crenata”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest these enzymes contribute to rhizobia-induced pea resistance to broomrape.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse0
- Interactor
- crenate broomrapee0parasite
- Second interactor
- compatible rhizobiae0symbiont
- Outcome
- pea resistance to crenate broomrapee0
- Qualifier
- involvement of these enzymese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These data suggest the involvement of these enzymes in pea resistance to crenate broomrape induced by the compatible rhizobia”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend crop selection based on these enzyme systems to manage Orobanche.
- Taxon
- peasLathyrus oleraceust0
- Outcome
- crop selection based on these enzyme systemse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Management of Orobanche via crop selection based on these enzyme systems is a viable option”
t0“peas”