Abstract
Carbon loss (CO2 emission) through residue burning, which causes global warming, and intensive tillage, which reduces soil organic carbon (SOC) pool, is a major concern in rice-wheat systems (RWS). Assessments of the temporal variations in SOC and soil physical properties under different tillage and crop-residue treatments were performed through a three-year field experiment to understand the effect of these management practices on the environmental sustainability of the RWS. The wheat rotated with transplanted rice (TR) was found to be more effective in sustaining SOC than direct-seeded rice (DR). Intensive tillage practices of TR and DR increased bulk density and decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity, whereas crop residue incorporation helped decrease the negative impact of intensive tillage by increasing infiltration rate and decreasing soil strength. Incorporation of both rice and wheat residue to lateritic sandy loam helped improve soil quality and sustain yield of RWS.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat rotated with transplanted rice sustained soil organic carbon more effectively than direct-seeded rice.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- transplanted rice (TR)e0
- Outcome
- SOCe0
- Direction
- more effectivee0
- Comparator
- direct-seeded rice (DR)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The wheat rotated with transplanted rice (TR) was found to be more effective in sustaining SOC than direct-seeded rice (DR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive tillage in transplanted and direct-seeded rice increased bulk density.
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Intensive tillage practices of TR and DR increased bulk density and decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Intensive tillage in transplanted and direct-seeded rice decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity.
- Taxon
- TR and DRe0
- Treatment
- Intensive tillage practicese0
- Outcome
- saturated hydraulic conductivitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Intensive tillage practices of TR and DR increased bulk density and decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residue incorporation increased infiltration rate under intensive tillage.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“crop residue incorporation helped decrease the negative impact of intensive tillage by increasing infiltration rate and decreasing soil strength”
Claim · model-written summary
Crop residue incorporation decreased soil strength under intensive tillage.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“crop residue incorporation helped decrease the negative impact of intensive tillage by increasing infiltration rate and decreasing soil strength”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporating rice and wheat residue improved soil quality in lateritic sandy loam.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“Incorporation of both rice and wheat residue to lateritic sandy loam helped improve soil quality and sustain yield of RWS”
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporating rice and wheat residue sustained rice–wheat system yield.
- Taxon
- rice and wheat
Oryza sativaTriticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- Incorporation of both rice and wheat residuee0
- Outcome
- yield of RWSe0
- Direction
- sustaine0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Incorporation of both rice and wheat residue to lateritic sandy loam helped improve soil quality and sustain yield of RWS”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.