Abstract
Fertilizer-N application and straw incorporation impacts crop productivity due to changes in total organic carbon (TOC), its labile pools and the soil enzymatic activity. A field experiment was established (in 2010) to study the effect of fertilizer-N application (0, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1) and rice straw (RS) incorporation (0, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 Mg ha-1) on crop yield, C input, TOC and its labile pools and soil enzymatic activity under rice (Oryza sativa L.) - wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cropping system (RWCS) in north-western India. Data showed that fertilizer-N application and RS incorporation significantly (p<0.05) increased the rice and wheat grain yield, compared with control (CK). However, the RS incorporation alone did not impact crop yields. The sustainable yield index (SYI) for wheat was significantly lower with RS incorporation alone as compared with the other treatments. For rice, SYI was significantly higher for RS7.5N120, and was non-significant compared with the RS10.0N120. Annual total C input in soil plough layer (0-15 cm) under RWCS varied between 3.34 and 9.78 Mg C ha-1, which was higher by 4.4 Mg C ha 1 yr-1 (~2.3-times) in RS10.0, compared with CK. The conjoint application of fertilizer-N and RS incorporation (RS10.0N150) significantly increased the TOC, water extractable organic C (WEOC), hot water C (HWC), microbial biomass C (MBC) and basal soil respiration (BSR) due to increased soil enzymatic activity viz. dehydrogenase activity (DHA), fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and alkaline phosphatise (Alk-P). A significant increase in potassium permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO4-C) with RS incorporation under RS10.0N150 increased the C management index (CMI), and hence the soil quality. The inter-correlations between highly weighted soil variables among different principle components (PCs) revealed that KMnO4-C in PC1, FDA activity in PC2, and BSR in PC3 with the highest correlation were the sensitive indicators for assessing soil quality in a RWCS.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record; open copy licensed cc-by. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen fertilizer and rice straw incorporation significantly increased rice grain yield relative to the control.
- Taxon
- rice
Oryza sativae0 - Treatment
- fertilizer-N application and RS incorporatione0
- Outcome
- rice and wheat grain yielde0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“fertilizer-N application and RS incorporation significantly (p<0.05) increased the rice and wheat grain yield, compared with control (CK)”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice straw incorporation alone did not affect crop yields.
- Taxon
- riceOryza sativae0
- Treatment
- RS incorporation alonee0
- Outcome
- crop yieldse0
- Direction
- did not impacte0
- Comparator
- control (CK)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“rice and wheat grain yield, compared with control (CK). However, the RS incorporation alone did not impact crop yields”
Claim · model-written summary
Wheat sustainable yield index was significantly lower with straw incorporation alone than with other treatments.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Treatment
- RS incorporation alonee0
- Outcome
- sustainable yield index (SYI)e0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- the other treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The sustainable yield index (SYI) for wheat was significantly lower with RS incorporation alone as compared with the other treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
Rice sustainable yield index was significantly higher under RS7.5N120.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For rice, SYI was significantly higher for RS7.5N120, and was non-significant compared with the RS10.0N120”
Claim · model-written summary
Annual soil carbon input was higher under RS10.0 than the control.
- Treatment
- RS10.0e0
- Outcome
- Annual total C inpute0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 4.4 Mg C ha 1 yr-1e0
- Comparator
- CKe0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Annual total C input in soil plough layer (0-15 cm) under RWCS varied between 3.34 and 9.78 Mg C ha-1, which was higher by 4.4 Mg C ha 1 yr-1 (~2.3-times) in RS10.0, compared with CK”
Claim · model-written summary
Combined nitrogen and straw application significantly increased soil organic carbon pools and basal soil respiration.
- Treatment
- RS10.0N150e0
- Outcome
- TOC, water extractable organic C (WEOC), hot water C (HWC)e0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The conjoint application of fertilizer-N and RS incorporation (RS10.0N150) significantly increased the TOC, water extractable organic C (WEOC), hot water C (HWC), microbial biomass C (MBC) and basal soil respiration (BSR)”
Claim · model-written summary
Straw incorporation under RS10.0N150 significantly increased oxidizable carbon and the carbon management index.
- Treatment
- RS incorporation under RS10.0N150e0
- Outcome
- potassium permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO4-C)e0
- Direction
- increasee0
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“A significant increase in potassium permanganate oxidizable C (KMnO4-C) with RS incorporation under RS10.0N150 increased the C management index (CMI), and hence the soil quality”
Claim · model-written summary
KMnO4-C, FDA activity, and basal soil respiration were sensitive soil quality indicators.
- Outcome
- sensitive indicators for assessing soil qualitye0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“KMnO4-C in PC1, FDA activity in PC2, and BSR in PC3 with the highest correlation were the sensitive indicators for assessing soil quality in a RWCS”
The same questions in other papers
Oryza sativa · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
25 papers in the same direction as this paper · 128 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
150 papers more in this group
See all 154 papers →fertilization · yield · Oryza sativa (rice)Positive and negative results
3,182 papers in the same direction as this paper · 207 in the opposite direction · 65 reporting no difference from an alternative
- positive
- positive
- positive
3,451 papers more in this group
See all 3,455 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.