Abstract
Abstract Most wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) research in west Texas is conducted in ungrazed wheat that is managed solely for grain production (grain system). In contrast, most commercial wheat is planted early and grazed by cattle ( Bos spp. ) prior to management for grain production (grazed system). The objective of this research was to understand cultivar × production system interactions. Four semidwarf cultivars, TAM 105, Newton, Vona, and TAM 108, were grown in irrigated grain and grazed production systems for 3 yr. Grazed wheat headed 2.3 d later, had 57 and 62% as much above‐ground biomass and leaf area at heading, was 80% as tall, and yielded 80% as much as wheat grown in the grain system. There was a significant cultivar × system interaction for grain yield 2 yr ( P = 0.088 in 1982, P = 0.001 in 1984) caused by differential cultivar response to yield constraints such as lodging, winterkilling, and shattering. In the 3‐yr combined analysis there was no cultivar × system interaction; however, the cultivar × system × year interaction for grain yield was significant ( P = 0.003) because yield constraints within systems were not consistent across years. In 1984, extra fertilizer and insecticide reduced grain yield of TAM 108 by 18% ( P = 0.001) in the grain system due to increased lodging while having no measurable effect on grain yield in the grazed system. If production systems frequently differ in type or degree of yield constraints, then breeders and agronomist must be concerned with cultivar × system interactions.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Grazed wheat headed 2.3 days later than wheat in the grain system.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume1 - Treatment
- Grazede1
- Outcome
- headede1
- Direction
- latere1
- Value
- 2.3 de1
- Comparator
- grain systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grazed wheat headed 2.3 d later”
e3“was 80% as tall, and yielded 80% as much as wheat grown in the grain system”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazed wheat had 57 and 62% as much above-ground biomass and leaf area at heading as wheat in the grain system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Grazede1
- Outcome
- above‐ground biomass and leaf area at headinge2
- Direction
- lowerinferrede2
- Value
- 57 and 62%e2
- Comparator
- grain systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grazed wheat headed 2.3 d later”
e2“had 57 and 62% as much above‐ground biomass and leaf area at heading”
e3“was 80% as tall, and yielded 80% as much as wheat grown in the grain system”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazed wheat was 80% as tall as wheat in the grain system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Grazede1
- Outcome
- talle3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- 80%e3
- Comparator
- grain systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grazed wheat headed 2.3 d later”
e3“was 80% as tall, and yielded 80% as much as wheat grown in the grain system”
Claim · model-written summary
Grazed wheat yielded 80% as much as wheat in the grain system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume1
- Treatment
- Grazede1
- Outcome
- yieldede3
- Direction
- lowerinferrede3
- Value
- 80%e3
- Comparator
- grain systeme3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Grazed wheat headed 2.3 d later”
e3“was 80% as tall, and yielded 80% as much as wheat grown in the grain system”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar by system interaction for grain yield was significant in two years, caused by differential cultivar response to yield constraints.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- cultivar × system interaction for grain yielde4
- Qualifier
- caused by differential cultivar response to yield constraints such as lodging, winterkilling, and shatteringe4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) research in west Texas”
e4“There was a significant cultivar × system interaction for grain yield 2 yr ( P = 0.088 in 1982, P = 0.001 in 1984) caused by differential cultivar response to yield constraints such as lodging, winterkilling, and shattering”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra fertilizer and insecticide reduced grain yield of TAM 108 by 18% in the grain system due to increased lodging.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- TAM 108e7
- Treatment
- extra fertilizer and insecticidee7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- reducede7
- Value
- 18%e7
- Qualifier
- due to increased lodginge7
- Setting
- in the grain systeme7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) research in west Texas”
e7“In 1984, extra fertilizer and insecticide reduced grain yield of TAM 108 by 18% ( P = 0.001) in the grain system due to increased lodging while having no measurable effect on grain yield in the grazed system”
Claim · model-written summary
Extra fertilizer and insecticide had no measurable effect on grain yield of TAM 108 in the grazed system.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Material
- TAM 108e7
- Treatment
- extra fertilizer and insecticidee7
- Outcome
- grain yielde7
- Direction
- no measurable effecte7
- Setting
- in the grazed systeme7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) research in west Texas”
e7“In 1984, extra fertilizer and insecticide reduced grain yield of TAM 108 by 18% ( P = 0.001) in the grain system due to increased lodging while having no measurable effect on grain yield in the grazed system”
Claim · model-written summary
No cultivar by system interaction was found in the three-year combined analysis.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- cultivar × system interactione5
- Qualifier
- In the 3‐yr combined analysise5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) research in west Texas”
e5“In the 3‐yr combined analysis there was no cultivar × system interaction”
Claim · model-written summary
Cultivar by system by year interaction for grain yield was significant because yield constraints were not consistent across years.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- cultivar × system × year interaction for grain yielde6
- Qualifier
- because yield constraints within systems were not consistent across yearse6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) research in west Texas”
e6“the cultivar × system × year interaction for grain yield was significant ( P = 0.003) because yield constraints within systems were not consistent across years”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeders and agronomists must be concerned with cultivar by system interactions when production systems differ in yield constraints.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Outcome
- cultivar × system interactionse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Most wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) research in west Texas”
e1“If production systems frequently differ in type or degree of yield constraints, then breeders and agronomist must be concerned with cultivar × system interactions”
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