Abstract
Zygotic embryos from crosses between tetraploid grape cultivar 'Kyoho' and diploid cultivars 'Rizamat' and 'Sekirei' were rescued at different developmental stages 60 to 70 days after pollination. The immature, mature and abnormal embryos were aseptically excised from the ovules and culture on MS medium without phytohormones in an effort to obtain triploid seedlings.1. Most zygotes which advanced to and beyond the torpedo-shaped germinated on MS basal medium, whereas immature and abnormal ones failed to develop. However, the germination of both immature and abnormal embryo improved when they were cultured on a modified MS medium without ammonium salts but supplemented instead with 250, 500, or 1000 mg•liter-1 of casein hydrolysate.2. Although most of the germinated embryos stopped growing on these germination media, they initiated to leaf-out or multiple leaf buds after being transferred to a MS medium supplemented with 0.2, 2, or 5 mg•liter-1 of BA; they then formed shoots. When shoots were transferred to MS medium without phytohormones, roots were initiated. Sub-sequently, plantlets were successfully acclimated and established.Almost 100% of the mature embryos developed into plantlets, whereas only 10% of the immature ones could be rescued. Therefore, an embryo rescue and culture methods developed by this study would be successfully utilized for obtaining triploid grape seedlings from crosses between tetraploid and diploid cultivars.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Torpedo-stage or more developed grape zygotes mostly germinated on basal MS medium.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“Most zygotes which advanced to and beyond the torpedo-shaped germinated on MS basal medium”
Claim · model-written summary
Immature and abnormal grape embryos failed to develop on basal medium.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“whereas immature and abnormal ones failed to develop”
Claim · model-written summary
Modified MS medium with casein hydrolysate improved germination of immature and abnormal grape embryos.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Organ / stage
- immature and abnormal embryoe0
- Treatment
- a modified MS medium without ammonium salts but supplemented instead with 250, 500, or 1000 mg•liter-1 of casein hydrolysatee0
- Outcome
- germinatione0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“the germination of both immature and abnormal embryo improved when they were cultured on a modified MS medium without ammonium salts but supplemented instead with 250, 500, or 1000 mg•liter-1 of casein hydrolysate”
Claim · model-written summary
Most germinated grape embryos stopped growing on germination media.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“most of the germinated embryos stopped growing on these germination media”
Claim · model-written summary
After transfer to BA-supplemented MS medium, grape embryos initiated leaves or multiple leaf buds and formed shoots.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Treatment
- a MS medium supplemented with 0.2, 2, or 5 mg•liter-1 of BAe0
- Outcome
- leaf-out or multiple leaf budse0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“they initiated to leaf-out or multiple leaf buds after being transferred to a MS medium supplemented with 0.2, 2, or 5 mg•liter-1 of BA; they then formed shoots”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape shoots initiated roots after transfer to hormone-free MS medium.
- Taxon
- Grapet0
- Organ / stage
- shootse0
- Treatment
- MS medium without phytohormonese0
- Outcome
- roots were initiatede0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“When shoots were transferred to MS medium without phytohormones, roots were initiated”
Claim · model-written summary
Grape plantlets were successfully acclimated and established.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“plantlets were successfully acclimated and established”
Claim · model-written summary
Almost 100% of mature grape embryos developed into plantlets.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“Almost 100% of the mature embryos developed into plantlets”
Claim · model-written summary
Only 10% of immature grape embryos were rescued.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“only 10% of the immature ones could be rescued”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors propose embryo rescue and culture to obtain triploid grape seedlings from tetraploid by diploid crosses.
Verbatim
t0“Grape”
e0“embryo rescue and culture methods developed by this study would be successfully utilized for obtaining triploid grape seedlings from crosses between tetraploid and diploid cultivars”
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