Abstract
Watermelon [ Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai var. lanatus ] production in the same field without rotation of crops leads to disease buildup and poor yields. The purpose of this research was to evaluate the influences of root exudates produced by watermelon cultivars susceptible or resistant to the pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON). At low concentrations of root exudates (<50 mg L −1 ), the susceptible cultivar stimulated the growth of FON but the resistant cultivars inhibited FON at high concentration (200 mg L −1 ). Mycotoxin production was increased more in the presence of exudates from susceptible than resistant cultivars and after flowering than before flowering. Activities of enzymes (protease, pectinase, cellulose, and amylase) were stimulated more in resistant than susceptible cultivars by FON. Also, there were higher ratios of antifungal phenolic acids (p‐hydroxybenzoic, phthalic, gallic, coumaric, cinnamic, ferulic, salicylic, and sinamic acids) to fungus‐stimulating phenolic acids (vanillic and syringic acids) in resistant cultivars than in susceptible ones both before and after flowering. Breeding of resistant cultivars containing more antifungal agents is a strategy that, if pursued, could lead to a reduction in the occurrence of watermelon wilt disease, especially when rotation of crops is not possible.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Low concentrations of exudates from the susceptible cultivar stimulated FON growth.
- Taxon
- Watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Material
- susceptible cultivare0
- Treatment
- root exudates (<50 mg L −1 )e0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- growth of FONe0
- Direction
- stimulatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At low concentrations of root exudates (<50 mg L −1 ), the susceptible cultivar stimulated the growth of FON”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentrations of exudates from resistant cultivars inhibited FON.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- resistant cultivarse0
- Treatment
- high concentration (200 mg L −1 )e0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- FONe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the resistant cultivars inhibited FON at high concentration (200 mg L −1 )”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
FON mycotoxin production increased more with susceptible than resistant cultivar exudates.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- susceptiblee0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumt1pathogen - Outcome
- Mycotoxin productione0
- Direction
- increased moree0
- Comparator
- resistant cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mycotoxin production was increased more in the presence of exudates from susceptible than resistant cultivars”
t0“Watermelon”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycotoxin production increased more after flowering than before flowering.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Organ / stage
- after floweringe0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumFusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveumt1pathogen
- Outcome
- Mycotoxin productione1
- Direction
- increased moree1
- Comparator
- before floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“after flowering than before flowering”
e1“Mycotoxin production was increased more”
t0“Watermelon”
t1“Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum”
Claim · model-written summary
FON stimulated protease, pectinase, cellulose and amylase activities more in resistant than susceptible cultivars.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- resistante0
- Interactor
- FONe0pathogen
- Outcome
- Activities of enzymes (protease, pectinase, cellulose, and amylase)e0
- Direction
- stimulated moree0
- Comparator
- susceptible cultivarse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Activities of enzymes (protease, pectinase, cellulose, and amylase) were stimulated more in resistant than susceptible cultivars by FON”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Resistant cultivars had higher antifungal-to-fungus-stimulating phenolic acid ratios than susceptible cultivars before and after flowering.
- Taxon
- WatermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Material
- resistant cultivarse0
- Outcome
- ratios of antifungal phenolic acids (p‐hydroxybenzoic, phthalic, gallic, coumaric, cinnamic, ferulic, salicylic, and sinamic acids) to fungus‐stimulating phenolic acids (vanillic and syringic acids)e0
- Direction
- highere0
- Qualifier
- both before and after floweringe0
- Comparator
- susceptible onese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“higher ratios of antifungal phenolic acids (p‐hydroxybenzoic, phthalic, gallic, coumaric, cinnamic, ferulic, salicylic, and sinamic acids) to fungus‐stimulating phenolic acids (vanillic and syringic acids) in resistant cultivars than in susceptible ones both before and after flowering”
t0“Watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Breeding resistant cultivars with more antifungal agents could reduce watermelon wilt where rotation is unavailable.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- Breeding of resistant cultivars containing more antifungal agentse0
- Qualifier
- especially when rotation of crops is not possiblee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Breeding of resistant cultivars containing more antifungal agents is a strategy that, if pursued, could lead to a reduction in the occurrence of watermelon wilt disease, especially when rotation of crops is not possible”
The same questions in other papers
allelopathy · growth · Citrullus lanatus (watermelon)Positive and negative results
6 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
3 papers more in this group
See all 7 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.