Abstract
Watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) is susceptible to wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp niveum (FON). AMF colonization alleviates watermelon wilt and regulates the composition of root exudates, but the effects of mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates on watermelon Fusarium wilt is not well understood. Root exudates of watermelon inoculated with AMF ( Funeliformis mosseae or Glomus versiformme ) were collected in this study. Then the root exudates of control plants and mycorrhizal plants were used to irrigate watermelon in continuous cropping soil, respectively. Meanwhile, the watermelon growth, antioxidant enzyme activity, rhizosphere soil enzyme activities and bacterial community composition, as well as the control effect on FON were analyzed. The results indicated that mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings and increased soil enzyme activities, actinomyces, and the quantity of bacteria in rhizosphere soil. The proportion of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides was decreased, and the proportion of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi in rhizosphere soil was increased when the seedlings were watered with high concentrations of mycorrhizal root exudates. The dominant bacterial genera in rhizosphere soil were Kaistobacter , Rhodanobacter , Thermomonas , Devosia , and Bacillus . The root exudates of mycorrhizal watermelon could reduce the disease index of Fusarium wilt by 6.7–30%, and five ml/L of watermelon root exudates inoculated with F. mosseae had the strongest inhibitory effect on watermelon Fusarium wilt. Our results suggest mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates changed the composition of bacteria and soil enzyme activities in rhizosphere soil, which increase the resistance of watermelon to Fusarium wilt and promoted the growth of plants in continuous cropping soil.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted watermelon seedling growth.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatuse0 - Treatment
- mycorrhizal watermelon root exudatese0
- Outcome
- growth of watermelon seedlingse0
- Direction
- promotede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates increased rhizosphere soil enzyme activities.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal watermelon root exudatese0
- Outcome
- soil enzyme activitiese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings and increased soil enzyme activities, actinomyces, and the quantity of bacteria in rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates increased rhizosphere actinomyces.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal watermelon root exudatese0
- Outcome
- actinomycese0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings and increased soil enzyme activities, actinomyces, and the quantity of bacteria in rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates increased rhizosphere bacterial quantity.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal watermelon root exudatese0
- Outcome
- quantity of bacteria in rhizosphere soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings and increased soil enzyme activities, actinomyces, and the quantity of bacteria in rhizosphere soil”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentrations of mycorrhizal root exudates decreased rhizosphere Proteobacteria and Bacteroides proportions.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal watermelon root exudatese1
- Outcome
- proportion of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidese0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- high concentrations of mycorrhizal root exudatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides was decreased, and the proportion of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi in rhizosphere soil was increased when the seedlings were watered with high concentrations of mycorrhizal root exudates.”
e1“mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
High concentrations of mycorrhizal root exudates increased rhizosphere Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi proportions.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal watermelon root exudatese1
- Outcome
- proportion of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi in rhizosphere soile0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- high concentrations of mycorrhizal root exudatese0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The proportion of Proteobacteria and Bacteroides was decreased, and the proportion of Actinobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi in rhizosphere soil was increased when the seedlings were watered with high concentrations of mycorrhizal root exudates.”
e1“mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
The dominant rhizosphere bacterial genera were Kaistobacter, Rhodanobacter, and Thermomonas.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Outcome
- dominant bacterial genera in rhizosphere soil were Kaistobacter , Rhodanobacter , Thermomonase0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dominant bacterial genera in rhizosphere soil were Kaistobacter , Rhodanobacter , Thermomonas , Devosia , and Bacillus .”
e1“mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Devosia and Bacillus were also dominant rhizosphere bacterial genera.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse1
- Outcome
- Devosia , and Bacilluse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The dominant bacterial genera in rhizosphere soil were Kaistobacter , Rhodanobacter , Thermomonas , Devosia , and Bacillus .”
e1“mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates reduced the Fusarium wilt disease index by 6.7–30%.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- mycorrhizal watermelon root exudatese1
- Outcome
- disease index of Fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- reducee0
- Value
- 6.7–30%e0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The root exudates of mycorrhizal watermelon could reduce the disease index of Fusarium wilt by 6.7–30%”
e1“mycorrhizal watermelon root exudates promoted the growth of watermelon seedlings”
Claim · model-written summary
Five ml/L of watermelon root exudates inoculated with F. mosseae most strongly inhibited watermelon Fusarium wilt.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- five ml/L of watermelon root exudates inoculated with F. mosseaee0
- Second interactor
- F. mosseaee0symbiont
- Outcome
- watermelon Fusarium wilte0
- Direction
- strongest inhibitorye0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“five ml/L of watermelon root exudates inoculated with F. mosseae had the strongest inhibitory effect on watermelon Fusarium wilt”
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Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.