Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effects of different rates and forms of nitrogen (N) on shoot growth and root morphological and leaf physiological responses of watermelon (cv. Crimson Tide F1) under hydroponic growth condition. The nutrient solution experiment was conducted between January - March in 2018 by using an aerated Deep Water Culture (DWC) technique in a fully automated climate room placed in the Plant Physiology Laboratory of Erciyes University, Faculty of Agriculture, Kayseri in Turkey. Plants were tested under two N-Rates (N1: 1000 and N2: 2000 µM N) and three different N-Forms (Am-N: NH4+, Nit-N: NO3-, 50% mixture of both N-Forms Mix-N: NH4+NO3) by growing in 8 L pots filled continuously aerated nutrient solution (modified Hoagland). The experiment was conducted with a completely randomized block design with four replications. From each pot two plants were harvested 42 days after treatment (DAT) by separating into stem, leaf and root fractions. The results indicated that shoot growth, root morphological and leaf physiological responses were significantly (p<0.001) affected by N-Rate, N-Form and N-Rate x N-Form interaction. The lowest performance under sole Am-N supply was achieved, since it severely reduced shoot and root growth and leaf area development as compared to sole Nit-N and Mix-N treatments. Irrespective of N rates, best growth performance in shoot growth was achieved under Mix-N supply, while root growth significantly improved under sole Nit-N supply. All these clearly indicate that the application of sole ammonium (1000 µM N) is detrimentally toxic for hydroponically grown watermelon plants. On the other hand, a 50% mixed of ammonium with nitrate even at a higher dose (N2: 2000 µM ammonium N) can be more advantageous for the growth and development of watermelon plants grown in the hydroponic system. Furthermore, our study showed that the effects of N-Form (Nit-N and Mix-N) on the improvement of shoot growth, root morphology and leaf physiological development and photosynthesis were significantly higher than the effects of N-Rate. Therefore, the application of nitrogen fertilizers in the form of Mix-N could be a useful N management strategy for growth and yield of watermelon plants under hydroponic conditions.
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen rate, form, and their interaction significantly affected shoot growth, root morphology, and leaf physiology.
- Taxon
- watermelon
Citrullus lanatust0 - Treatment
- N-Rate, N-Form and N-Rate x N-Form interactione0
- Outcome
- shoot growth, root morphological and leaf physiological responsese0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The results indicated that shoot growth, root morphological and leaf physiological responses were significantly (p<0.001) affected by N-Rate, N-Form and N-Rate x N-Form interaction.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Sole ammonium reduced shoot and root growth and leaf area relative to nitrate and mixed nitrogen.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- sole Am-N supplye0
- Outcome
- shoot and root growth and leaf area developmente0
- Direction
- severely reducede0
- Comparator
- sole Nit-N and Mix-N treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lowest performance under sole Am-N supply was achieved, since it severely reduced shoot and root growth and leaf area development as compared to sole Nit-N and Mix-N treatments.”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Mixed nitrogen gave the best shoot growth regardless of nitrogen rate.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- Mix-N supplye0
- Outcome
- shoot growthe0
- Direction
- beste0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Irrespective of N rates, best growth performance in shoot growth was achieved under Mix-N supply”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate alone significantly improved root growth.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- sole Nit-N supplye0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- improvede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“root growth significantly improved under sole Nit-N supply”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors describe sole ammonium at 1000 µM N as toxic for hydroponic watermelon.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- sole ammonium (1000 µM N)e0
- Outcome
- detrimentally toxice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of sole ammonium (1000 µM N) is detrimentally toxic for hydroponically grown watermelon plants”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors judge mixed ammonium and nitrate advantageous even at the higher dose.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Treatment
- 50% mixed of ammonium with nitratee0
- Outcome
- growth and developmente0
- Direction
- more advantageouse0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a 50% mixed of ammonium with nitrate even at a higher dose (N2: 2000 µM ammonium N) can be more advantageous for the growth and development of watermelon plants grown in the hydroponic system”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrogen form had significantly greater effects than nitrogen rate on shoot growth, root morphology, leaf physiology, and photosynthesis.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatust0
- Treatment
- N-Form (Nit-N and Mix-N)e0
- Outcome
- shoot growth, root morphology and leaf physiological development and photosynthesise0
- Direction
- significantly highere0
- Comparator
- N-Ratee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the effects of N-Form (Nit-N and Mix-N) on the improvement of shoot growth, root morphology and leaf physiological development and photosynthesis were significantly higher than the effects of N-Rate”
t0“watermelon”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors recommend mixed nitrogen fertilizer for hydroponic watermelon growth and yield.
- Taxon
- watermelonCitrullus lanatuse0
- Outcome
- application of nitrogen fertilizers in the form of Mix-Ne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the application of nitrogen fertilizers in the form of Mix-N could be a useful N management strategy for growth and yield of watermelon plants under hydroponic conditions”
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