Abstract
Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5 is a Brassicaceae pathogen that expresses three members of the highly related avrBs3 gene family of type III effectors. Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of these genes, designated hax2, hax3, and hax4 (homolog of avrBs3 in Xanthomonas). All three Hax proteins are translocated from Xanthomonas spp. into the plant cell via the type III secretion system. Hax3 and Hax4 show the typical structure of AvrBs3-like effectors and contain a repetitive region in their central part consisting of 34-amino-acid (aa) repeats. By contrast, the Hax2 repeat region is composed of 35-aa repeats that are characterized by an additional proline residue. Hax2, Hax3, and Hax4 contain 21.5, 11.5, and 14.5 repeats, respectively. Genetic studies revealed an additive effect of hax2, hax3, and hax4 on disease symptom formation of X. campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5 on radish. The contribution of individual genes to the aggressiveness of strain 5 is quantitatively different, with hax2 showing the strongest effect on the development of chlorosis and necrosis. In addition, hax3 and hax4, but not hax2, have a Bs4-dependent avirulence activity in tomato and in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana expressing the Bs4 resistance gene.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
The isolated effector genes were designated hax2, hax3 and hax4.
- Taxon
- Xanthomonas
_-_Howard_F._Schwartz%2C_Colorado_State_University.jpg?width=60)
Xanthomonase0 - Gene
- hax2, hax3, and hax4e0
- Outcome
- isolation and characterizatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_-_Howard_F._Schwartz%2C_Colorado_State_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“Here, we report on the isolation and characterization of these genes, designated hax2, hax3, and hax4 (homolog of avrBs3 in Xanthomonas).”
Claim · model-written summary
All three Hax proteins are translocated into plant cells through the type III secretion system.
- Taxon
- Xanthomonas spp.Xanthomonase0
- Gene
- Hax proteinse0
- Outcome
- translocatede0
- Qualifier
- via the type III secretion systeme0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three Hax proteins are translocated from Xanthomonas spp. into the plant cell via the type III secretion system.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hax3 and Hax4 have typical AvrBs3-like structure with central 34-amino-acid repeats.
- Taxon
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5
Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciaee1 - Gene
- Hax3 and Hax4e0
- Outcome
- typical structure of AvrBs3-like effectorse0
- Value
- 34-amino-acid (aa)e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hax3 and Hax4 show the typical structure of AvrBs3-like effectors and contain a repetitive region in their central part consisting of 34-amino-acid (aa) repeats.”
e1“Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5 is a Brassicaceae pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Hax2 has 35-aa repeats with an additional proline residue.
- Taxon
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciaee1
- Gene
- Hax2e0
- Outcome
- repeat regione0
- Value
- 35-aae0
- Qualifier
- additional proline residuee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“By contrast, the Hax2 repeat region is composed of 35-aa repeats that are characterized by an additional proline residue.”
e1“Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5 is a Brassicaceae pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Hax2 contains 21.5 repeats.
- Taxon
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciaee1
- Gene
- Hax2e0
- Outcome
- repeatse0
- Value
- 21.5e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hax2, Hax3, and Hax4 contain 21.5, 11.5, and 14.5 repeats, respectively.”
e1“Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5 is a Brassicaceae pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Hax3 contains 11.5 repeats.
- Taxon
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciaee1
- Gene
- Hax3e0
- Outcome
- repeatse0
- Value
- 11.5e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hax2, Hax3, and Hax4 contain 21.5, 11.5, and 14.5 repeats, respectively.”
e1“Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5 is a Brassicaceae pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
Hax4 contains 14.5 repeats.
- Taxon
- Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciaee1
- Gene
- Hax4e0
- Outcome
- repeatse0
- Value
- 14.5e0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hax2, Hax3, and Hax4 contain 21.5, 11.5, and 14.5 repeats, respectively.”
e1“Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5 is a Brassicaceae pathogen”
Claim · model-written summary
The three hax genes have additive effects on radish disease symptoms.
- Taxon
- radish
Raphanus sativuse0 - Interactor
- X. campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciaee0pathogen
- Gene
- hax2, hax3, and hax4e0
- Outcome
- disease symptom formatione0
- Qualifier
- additive effecte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Genetic studies revealed an additive effect of hax2, hax3, and hax4 on disease symptom formation of X. campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5 on radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
Individual genes differ in aggressiveness contribution, with hax2 strongest for chlorosis and necrosis.
- Taxon
- radishRaphanus sativuse1
- Interactor
- X. campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5Xanthomonas campestris pv. armoraciaee1pathogen
- Gene
- hax2e0
- Outcome
- development of chlorosis and necrosise0
- Direction
- strongeste0
- Qualifier
- quantitatively differente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The contribution of individual genes to the aggressiveness of strain 5 is quantitatively different, with hax2 showing the strongest effect on the development of chlorosis and necrosis.”
e1“on disease symptom formation of X. campestris pv. armoraciae strain 5 on radish.”
Claim · model-written summary
hax3 and hax4, but not hax2, confer Bs4-dependent avirulence in tomato.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicume0 - Gene
- hax3 and hax4e0
- Outcome
- Bs4-dependent avirulence activitye0
- Qualifier
- but not hax2e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, hax3 and hax4, but not hax2, have a Bs4-dependent avirulence activity in tomato and in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana expressing the Bs4 resistance gene.”
Claim · model-written summary
hax3 and hax4, but not hax2, confer avirulence in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana expressing Bs4.
- Taxon
- Nicotiana benthamiana
Nicotiana benthamianae0 - Gene
- hax3 and hax4e0
- Outcome
- Bs4-dependent avirulence activitye0
- Qualifier
- expressing the Bs4 resistance genee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In addition, hax3 and hax4, but not hax2, have a Bs4-dependent avirulence activity in tomato and in transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana expressing the Bs4 resistance gene.”