Abstract
A pot experiment was conducted during winter season of 2009–2010 in the department of Botany, AMU, Aligarh, India, to determine the nematicidal potential of organic matter, neem cake at third level of dose, and bioagent, Glomus fasciculatum in terms of various growth parameters of tomato, when inoculated individually as well as concomitantly with respect to root-knot development. Neem cake and G. fasciculatum showed potential for sustainable management while providing nutrient sources for proper plant growth. Disease intensity of root-knot nematode decreased while increasing the doses of neem cake along with the G. fasciculatum. Chlorophyll contents have been found to be increased in single and combined application as well. There is a progressive increase in growth parameters raised in soil amended with 10, 20, and 30 g neem cake/kg soil and inoculated with G. fasciculatum. Significant improvement in the plant growth was observed when G. fasciculatum and neem cake were inoculated simultaneously. Neem cake plus G. fasciculatum reduced the nematodes’ multiplication and root-galling, and increased the plant growth of tomato as compared to unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plants. Mycorrhyzation and agronomic parameters were increased due to application of G. fasciculatum alone, but enhanced further when inoculated with neem cake.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Disease intensity of root-knot nematode decreased as neem cake doses increased, along with G. fasciculatum.
- Taxon
- tomato
Solanum lycopersicumt0 - Treatment
- doses of neem cakee1
- Interactor
- root-knot nematode
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=60)
Meloidogynee1pest - Second interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- Disease intensity of root-knot nematodee1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_penetrates_a_tomato_root_-_USDA-ARS.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e1“Disease intensity of root-knot nematode decreased while increasing the doses of neem cake along with the G. fasciculatum”
t0“Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by neem cake and Glomus fasciculatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Chlorophyll content increased under single and combined application.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- single and combined applicatione2
- Outcome
- Chlorophyll contentse2
- Direction
- increasede2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Chlorophyll contents have been found to be increased in single and combined application as well”
t0“Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by neem cake and Glomus fasciculatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth parameters increased progressively in soil amended with 10, 20 and 30 g neem cake per kg soil and inoculated with G. fasciculatum.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- 10, 20, and 30 g neem cake/kg soile3
- Interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse3symbiont
- Outcome
- growth parameterse3
- Direction
- progressive increasee3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“There is a progressive increase in growth parameters raised in soil amended with 10, 20, and 30 g neem cake/kg soil and inoculated with G. fasciculatum”
t0“Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by neem cake and Glomus fasciculatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Simultaneous inoculation with G. fasciculatum and neem cake significantly improved plant growth.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated simultaneouslye4
- Interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse4symbiont
- Outcome
- plant growthe4
- Direction
- improvemente4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“Significant improvement in the plant growth was observed when G. fasciculatum and neem cake were inoculated simultaneously”
t0“Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by neem cake and Glomus fasciculatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake plus G. fasciculatum reduced nematode multiplication and root-galling compared with unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Neem cake plus G. fasciculatume5
- Interactor
- Meloidogyne incognitaMeloidogyne incognitae5pest
- Second interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse5biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- nematodes’ multiplication and root-gallinge5
- Direction
- reducede5
- Comparator
- unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Neem cake plus G. fasciculatum reduced the nematodes’ multiplication and root-galling, and increased the plant growth of tomato as compared to unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plants”
t0“Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by neem cake and Glomus fasciculatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake plus G. fasciculatum increased tomato plant growth compared with unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plants.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicume5
- Treatment
- Neem cake plus G. fasciculatume5
- Outcome
- plant growthe5
- Direction
- increasede5
- Comparator
- unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plantse5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“Neem cake plus G. fasciculatum reduced the nematodes’ multiplication and root-galling, and increased the plant growth of tomato as compared to unamended and Meloidogyne incognita-inoculated plants”
t0“Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by neem cake and Glomus fasciculatum”
Claim · model-written summary
G. fasciculatum alone increased mycorrhization and agronomic parameters.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- application of G. fasciculatum alonee6
- Interactor
- G. fasciculatumRhizophagus fasciculatuse6symbiont
- Outcome
- Mycorrhyzation and agronomic parameterse6
- Direction
- increasede6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Mycorrhyzation and agronomic parameters were increased due to application of G. fasciculatum alone, but enhanced further when inoculated with neem cake”
t0“Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by neem cake and Glomus fasciculatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Inoculation with neem cake enhanced agronomic parameters further than G. fasciculatum alone.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- inoculated with neem cakee6
- Outcome
- agronomic parameterse6
- Direction
- enhanced furthere6
- Comparator
- application of G. fasciculatum alonee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Mycorrhyzation and agronomic parameters were increased due to application of G. fasciculatum alone, but enhanced further when inoculated with neem cake”
t0“Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by neem cake and Glomus fasciculatum”
Claim · model-written summary
Neem cake and G. fasciculatum show potential for sustainable management of tomato root-knot disease.
- Taxon
- tomatoSolanum lycopersicumt0
- Treatment
- Neem cake and G. fasciculatume0
- Outcome
- potential for sustainable managemente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Neem cake and G. fasciculatum showed potential for sustainable management while providing nutrient sources for proper plant growth”
t0“Sustainable management of root-knot disease of tomato by neem cake and Glomus fasciculatum”
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