Abstract
Abstract Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) yields are known to decrease for plants grown in saline soils. This study was conducted to determine the effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation on fruit yield and mineral content of salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive tomato cultivars grown with varied levels of salt. NaCl and CaCl2were added to soil in the irrigation water in equal molar ratios to give ECe values of 1.4 (nonstressed) and 4.9 dS m−1 (salt stressed). Plants were grown in a greenhouse using unsterilized, low phosphorus (P) (silty clay) soil-sand mix. Mycorrhizal root colonization occurred whether cultivars were salt stressed or nonstressed, but the extent of AMF root colonization was higher in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants. The salt tolerant cultivar 'Pello' generally had higher AMF root colonization than the salt sensitive cultivar 'Marriha'. Shoot dry matter (DM) yield, fruit fresh yield, and AMF colonization were higher for plants grown under nonstressed than for plants grown under salt stressed conditions. Shoot DM and fruit fresh yields were higher in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants grown with or without salt stress. Pello generally had higher fruit fresh yield per plant and fruit weight than Marriha, but these differences were only significant for fruit weight in unioculated plants grown under salt stressed conditions. The enhancement in fruit fresh yield due to AMF inoculation was 26 and 23% under nonstressed and 28 and 46% under salt stressed treatments for Pello and Marriha, respectively. For both cultivars, fruit contents of P, potassium (K), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were higher in AMF inoculated compared with uninoculated plants grown under nonstressed and salt stressed conditions. Fruit Na concentrations were lower in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants grown under salt stressed conditions. The enhancement in P, K, Zn, Cu, and Fe acquisition due to AMF inoculation was more pronounced in Marriha than in Pello cultivar under salt stressed conditions. The results of this study indicated that AMF inoculated plants had greater tolerance to salt stress than unioculated plants. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was supported by grant from the Deanship of Scientific Research, Jordan University of Science and Technology. Valuable suggestions by Professor Ralph B. Clark are greatly appreciated.
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Claims 17
Claim · model-written summary
AMF root colonization occurred under both salt conditions.
Verbatim
e0“Mycorrhizal root colonization occurred whether cultivars were salt stressed or nonstressed”
e1“arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased root colonization relative to uninoculated plants.
Verbatim
e0“the extent of AMF root colonization was higher in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pello generally had higher AMF root colonization than Marriha.
Verbatim
e0“The salt tolerant cultivar 'Pello' generally had higher AMF root colonization than the salt sensitive cultivar 'Marriha'.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonstressed plants had higher shoot dry matter yield and fruit fresh yield than salt stressed plants.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry matter (DM) yield, fruit fresh yield, and AMF colonization were higher for plants grown under nonstressed than for plants grown under salt stressed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
Nonstressed plants had higher AMF colonization than salt stressed plants.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot dry matter (DM) yield, fruit fresh yield, and AMF colonization were higher for plants grown under nonstressed than for plants grown under salt stressed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation increased shoot dry matter and fruit fresh yields under both salt conditions.
Verbatim
e0“Shoot DM and fruit fresh yields were higher in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants grown with or without salt stress.”
Claim · model-written summary
Pello generally had greater fruit fresh yield and fruit weight than Marriha, with significance restricted to fruit weight in uninoculated salt-stressed plants.
Verbatim
e0“Pello generally had higher fruit fresh yield per plant and fruit weight than Marriha, but these differences were only significant for fruit weight in unioculated plants grown under salt stressed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation enhanced Pello fruit fresh yield by 26% without salt stress.
- Taxon
- Pelloe0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- fruit fresh yielde0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 26e0
- Qualifier
- nonstressede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement in fruit fresh yield due to AMF inoculation was 26 and 23% under nonstressed and 28 and 46% under salt stressed treatments for Pello and Marriha, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation enhanced Marriha fruit fresh yield by 23% without salt stress.
- Taxon
- Marrihae0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- fruit fresh yielde0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 23%e0
- Qualifier
- nonstressede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement in fruit fresh yield due to AMF inoculation was 26 and 23% under nonstressed and 28 and 46% under salt stressed treatments for Pello and Marriha, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation enhanced Pello fruit fresh yield by 28% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Pelloe0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- fruit fresh yielde0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 28e0
- Qualifier
- salt stressede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement in fruit fresh yield due to AMF inoculation was 26 and 23% under nonstressed and 28 and 46% under salt stressed treatments for Pello and Marriha, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation enhanced Marriha fruit fresh yield by 46% under salt stress.
- Taxon
- Marrihae0
- Treatment
- AMF inoculatione0
- Outcome
- fruit fresh yielde0
- Direction
- enhancemente0
- Value
- 46%e0
- Qualifier
- salt stressede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement in fruit fresh yield due to AMF inoculation was 26 and 23% under nonstressed and 28 and 46% under salt stressed treatments for Pello and Marriha, respectively.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation raised fruit P, potassium and zinc content in both cultivars under both salt conditions.
Verbatim
e0“For both cultivars, fruit contents of P, potassium (K), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were higher in AMF inoculated compared with uninoculated plants grown under nonstressed and salt stressed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation raised fruit copper and iron content in both cultivars under both salt conditions.
Verbatim
e0“For both cultivars, fruit contents of P, potassium (K), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), and iron (Fe) were higher in AMF inoculated compared with uninoculated plants grown under nonstressed and salt stressed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF inoculation lowered fruit sodium concentration under salt stress.
Verbatim
e0“Fruit Na concentrations were lower in AMF inoculated than uninoculated plants grown under salt stressed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-induced acquisition of P, K and Zn under salt stress was more pronounced in Marriha than Pello.
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement in P, K, Zn, Cu, and Fe acquisition due to AMF inoculation was more pronounced in Marriha than in Pello cultivar under salt stressed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
AMF-induced acquisition of Cu and Fe under salt stress was more pronounced in Marriha than Pello.
Verbatim
e0“The enhancement in P, K, Zn, Cu, and Fe acquisition due to AMF inoculation was more pronounced in Marriha than in Pello cultivar under salt stressed conditions.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors interpreted AMF inoculation as increasing tomato salt tolerance.
Verbatim
e0“AMF inoculated plants had greater tolerance to salt stress than unioculated plants.”
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