Abstract
Abstract Hirsutella minnesotensis and H. rhossiliensis are endoparasites of nematodes, and their biological control potential against Heterodera glycines when cultured and applied on corn grits has been reported. In this study, the potential of liquid cultures of the two fungi was evaluated in two glasshouse experiments. Both liquid culture at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g of fresh mycelium/300 cm3 soil (per pot) and solid culture at 1% (corn grits: soil, w/w) reduced nematode egg population densities in both autoclaved and unheated soils as compared with soil-only control or corn-grits control. However, the liquid culture at 0.2–0.8 g of mycelium/pot appeared to be more effective in reducing the nematode population than the solid culture of 1%. Hirsutella rhossiliensis resulted in lower nematode population density than H. minnesotensis only in unheated soil in one experiment. The soil heat treatment generally increased the nematode population density but did not affect percentage reduction of the nematode population density as compared with respective controls, except that reduction by H. rhossiliensis was greater in unheated soil than heat-treated soil in one experiment. Percentage of second-stage juveniles (J2) parasitised by fungi at the end of the experiment (60 days after planting) was generally higher with H. minnesotensis than with H. rhossiliensis. The percentage parasitism was positively correlated with initial fungal inoculation level. The soil heat treatment increased fungal parasitism in one experiment but not in the other. Plant growth was unaffected by treatments except that the soil heat treatment increased plant shoot weight as compared with unheated soil in one experiment.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid fungal cultures reduced nematode egg density relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- liquid culture at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g of fresh mycelium/300 cm3 soile0
- Interactor
- soybean cyst nematode
Heterodera glycinest0pest - Outcome
- nematode egg population densitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- soil-only controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Both liquid culture at 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 g of fresh mycelium/300 cm3 soil (per pot) and solid culture at 1% (corn grits: soil, w/w) reduced nematode egg population densities in both autoclaved and unheated soils as compared with soil-only control or corn-grits control”
t0“soybean cyst nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Solid fungal culture reduced nematode egg density relative to controls.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- solid culture at 1%e0
- Outcome
- nematode egg population densitiese0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Comparator
- soil-only controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“solid culture at 1% (corn grits: soil, w/w) reduced nematode egg population densities in both autoclaved and unheated soils as compared with soil-only control or corn-grits control”
t0“soybean cyst nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Liquid fungal culture reduced nematode populations more than solid culture.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Outcome
- nematode populatione0
- Direction
- more effective in reducinge0
- Comparator
- solid culture of 1%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the liquid culture at 0.2–0.8 g of mycelium/pot appeared to be more effective in reducing the nematode population than the solid culture of 1%”
t0“soybean cyst nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
H. rhossiliensis yielded lower nematode density than H. minnesotensis in one unheated-soil experiment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- Hirsutella rhossiliensise0
- Outcome
- nematode population densitye0
- Direction
- lowere0
- Comparator
- H. minnesotensise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Hirsutella rhossiliensis resulted in lower nematode population density than H. minnesotensis only in unheated soil in one experiment”
t0“soybean cyst nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil heat treatment generally increased nematode population density.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil heat treatmente0
- Outcome
- nematode population densitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil heat treatment generally increased the nematode population density”
t0“soybean cyst nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Fungal parasitism of second-stage juveniles was generally higher with H. minnesotensis.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- H. minnesotensise0
- Outcome
- Percentage of second-stage juveniles (J2) parasitised by fungie0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- H. rhossiliensise0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Percentage of second-stage juveniles (J2) parasitised by fungi at the end of the experiment (60 days after planting) was generally higher with H. minnesotensis than with H. rhossiliensis”
t0“soybean cyst nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Percentage fungal parasitism correlated positively with initial inoculation level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- initial fungal inoculation levele0
- Outcome
- percentage parasitisme0
- Direction
- positively correlatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The percentage parasitism was positively correlated with initial fungal inoculation level”
t0“soybean cyst nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil heat treatment increased fungal parasitism in one experiment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil heat treatmente0
- Outcome
- fungal parasitisme0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The soil heat treatment increased fungal parasitism in one experiment but not in the other”
t0“soybean cyst nematode”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil heat treatment increased plant shoot weight in one experiment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil heat treatmente0
- Outcome
- plant shoot weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- unheated soile0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the soil heat treatment increased plant shoot weight as compared with unheated soil in one experiment”
t0“soybean cyst nematode”
The same questions in other papers
heat · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
9 papers in the same direction as this paper · 32 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →heat · pest · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.