Abstract
High temperature stress during seed filling in controlled environments reduces soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] seed germination and vigor, but the effect of high temperature in the field has not been determined. Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002. Air temperature during seed filling was monitored and brown (mature) pods were harvested, hand threshed, and all shriveled and abnormal seeds were removed before determining standard germination and vigor (accelerated‐aging germination). Mean maximum temperatures during seed filling (growth stage R5 to R7) ranged from 24.0 (Kentucky) to 37.6°C (Texas). When seed lots infected with Phomopsis longicolla (Hobbs) were removed from the analysis, standard germination and accelerated‐aging germination (AA) decreased as mean maximum temperature during seed filling increased, but the decrease was significant ( P = 0.05) only for Hutcheson. Standard germination of Hutcheson declined linearly ( r 2 = 0.49) from near 100% at 24°C to 85% at 36°C, while the decrease in AA was curvilinear ( R 2 = 0.86) and germination reached 11% at 36°C. Seeds of Hutcheson were more sensitive to high temperature than seeds of DP4690 and seed vigor (AA) was much more sensitive to high‐temperature stress than was standard germination. Our findings support the results of experiments in controlled environments by demonstrating that high temperature during seed filling in the field, without seed infection with P. longicolla or physical injury, reduced soybean seed germination and vigor.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Standard germination of soybean decreased as mean maximum temperature during seed filling increased.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- mean maximum temperature during seed fillinge3
- Outcome
- standard germinatione3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e3“When seed lots infected with Phomopsis longicolla (Hobbs) were removed from the analysis, standard germination and accelerated‐aging germination (AA) decreased as mean maximum temperature during seed filling increased, but the decrease was significant ( P = 0.05) only for Hutcheson”
Claim · model-written summary
Accelerated-aging germination (AA) of soybean decreased as mean maximum temperature during seed filling increased.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- mean maximum temperature during seed fillinge3
- Outcome
- AAe3
- Direction
- decreasede3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e3“When seed lots infected with Phomopsis longicolla (Hobbs) were removed from the analysis, standard germination and accelerated‐aging germination (AA) decreased as mean maximum temperature during seed filling increased, but the decrease was significant ( P = 0.05) only for Hutcheson”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in germination with temperature was significant only for Hutcheson.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Hutchesone3
- Treatment
- mean maximum temperature during seed fillinge3
- Outcome
- the decreasee3
- Direction
- decreasee3
- Value
- P = 0.05e3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e3“When seed lots infected with Phomopsis longicolla (Hobbs) were removed from the analysis, standard germination and accelerated‐aging germination (AA) decreased as mean maximum temperature during seed filling increased, but the decrease was significant ( P = 0.05) only for Hutcheson”
Claim · model-written summary
Standard germination of Hutcheson declined linearly to 85% at 36°C.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Hutchesone4
- Outcome
- Standard germinatione4
- Direction
- declinede4
- Value
- 85% at 36°Ce4
- Qualifier
- linearlye4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e4“Standard germination of Hutcheson declined linearly ( r 2 = 0.49) from near 100% at 24°C to 85% at 36°C, while the decrease in AA was curvilinear ( R 2 = 0.86) and germination reached 11% at 36°C”
Claim · model-written summary
The decrease in AA of Hutcheson was curvilinear (R 2 = 0.86).
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Hutchesone4
- Outcome
- AAe4
- Direction
- decreasee4
- Value
- R 2 = 0.86e4
- Qualifier
- curvilineare4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e4“Standard germination of Hutcheson declined linearly ( r 2 = 0.49) from near 100% at 24°C to 85% at 36°C, while the decrease in AA was curvilinear ( R 2 = 0.86) and germination reached 11% at 36°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Germination of Hutcheson reached 11% at 36°C.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Hutchesone4
- Outcome
- germinatione4
- Value
- 11% at 36°Ce4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e4“Standard germination of Hutcheson declined linearly ( r 2 = 0.49) from near 100% at 24°C to 85% at 36°C, while the decrease in AA was curvilinear ( R 2 = 0.86) and germination reached 11% at 36°C”
Claim · model-written summary
Hutcheson seeds were more sensitive to high temperature than DP4690 seeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Material
- Hutchesone5
- Outcome
- sensitive to high temperaturee5
- Direction
- more sensitivee5
- Comparator
- DP4690e5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e5“Seeds of Hutcheson were more sensitive to high temperature than seeds of DP4690 and seed vigor (AA) was much more sensitive to high‐temperature stress than was standard germination”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed vigor (AA) was much more sensitive to high temperature stress than standard germination.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Outcome
- seed vigor (AA)e5
- Direction
- much more sensitivee5
- Comparator
- standard germinatione5
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e5“Seeds of Hutcheson were more sensitive to high temperature than seeds of DP4690 and seed vigor (AA) was much more sensitive to high‐temperature stress than was standard germination”
Claim · model-written summary
High temperature during seed filling in the field, without infection or physical injury, reduced soybean seed germination and vigor.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe6
- Treatment
- high temperature during seed filling in the fielde6
- Outcome
- seed germination and vigore6
- Direction
- reducede6
- Qualifier
- without seed infection with P. longicolla or physical injurye6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e6“Our findings support the results of experiments in controlled environments by demonstrating that high temperature during seed filling in the field, without seed infection with P. longicolla or physical injury, reduced soybean seed germination and vigor”
Claim · model-written summary
Mean maximum temperature during seed filling ranged from 24.0°C in Kentucky to 37.6°C in Texas.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Organ / stage
- growth stage R5 to R7e2
- Outcome
- Mean maximum temperatures during seed fillinge2
- Value
- 24.0 (Kentucky) to 37.6°C (Texas)e2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“Seeds of two soybean cultivars (Hutcheson, maturity group [MG] V, and DP4690, MG IV) were produced in the field in Kentucky, Mississippi, Arkansas, and Texas in 2000 to 2002”
e2“Mean maximum temperatures during seed filling (growth stage R5 to R7) ranged from 24.0 (Kentucky) to 37.6°C (Texas)”
The same questions in other papers
heat · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
31 papers in the same direction as this paper · 10 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
38 papers more in this group
See all 42 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.