Abstract
Abstract The cost of hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed provides an incentive for reducing planting rates which, in turn, reduce plant populations. This research was undertaken to determine minimum populations needed for maximum yield and their effect on seed quality and head drying. Populations of oilseed and nonoilseed cultivars of 17, 25, 37, 49, and 62 thousand plants/ha were established at six locations in Minnesota. Soils were Typic Haplaquolls, Aeric Calciaquolls, Typic Eutroboralf and Udorthentic Haploborolls. Both oilseed and nonoilseed cultivars required the same populations for maximum yield. Minimum populations needed for maximum yield varied from 25 to 62 thousand plants/ha among locations. Differences in optimum plant populations among locations were attributed to soil, rain, and temperature. Yields were not depressed by populations up to 62 thousand. Optimum population for oilseed and small‐nonoilseed cultivars was that which gave maximum yield because seed quality factors of test weight and/or oil percentage increased with population. Optimum population for large‐nonoilseed cultivars was often less than that giving highest yield because the percentage of large seeds decreased with increasing population. As plant populations increased from 17 to 62 thousand plants/ha, head moisture percentages decreased from 68 to 50% at early harvest and from 43 to 20% at later harvest. Preharvest desiccant sprays reduced head moisture but did not alter the relationship between increasing population and decreasing head moisture. Increasing row spacing to conserve soil moisture between rows did not increase yield on a sandy soil.
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Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Oilseed and nonoilseed sunflower cultivars required the same plant populations for maximum yield.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuuse0 - Material
- oilseed and nonoilseed cultivarse1
- Outcome
- populations for maximum yielde1
- Qualifier
- the samee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“Both oilseed and nonoilseed cultivars required the same populations for maximum yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Minimum sunflower populations needed for maximum yield varied from 25 to 62 thousand plants/ha among locations.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Minimum populations needed for maximum yielde1
- Value
- 25 to 62 thousand plants/hae1
- Qualifier
- among locationse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“Minimum populations needed for maximum yield varied from 25 to 62 thousand plants/ha among locations”
Claim · model-written summary
Differences in optimum sunflower plant populations among locations were attributed to soil, rain, and temperature.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Outcome
- Differences in optimum plant populationse1
- Qualifier
- soil, rain, and temperaturee1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“Differences in optimum plant populations among locations were attributed to soil, rain, and temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower yields were not depressed by plant populations up to 62 thousand plants/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- populations up to 62 thousande1
- Outcome
- Yieldse1
- Direction
- not depressede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“Yields were not depressed by populations up to 62 thousand”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum population for oilseed and small nonoilseed sunflower cultivars was the population giving maximum yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- oilseed and small‐nonoilseed cultivarse1
- Outcome
- Optimum populatione1
- Qualifier
- that which gave maximum yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“Optimum population for oilseed and small‐nonoilseed cultivars was that which gave maximum yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Optimum sunflower population for large nonoilseed cultivars was often less than the population giving highest yield.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Material
- large‐nonoilseed cultivarse1
- Outcome
- Optimum populatione1
- Direction
- lesse1
- Comparator
- that giving highest yielde1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“Optimum population for large‐nonoilseed cultivars was often less than that giving highest yield”
Claim · model-written summary
The percentage of large seeds of sunflower decreased with increasing population.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- increasing populatione1
- Outcome
- percentage of large seedse1
- Direction
- decreasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“because the percentage of large seeds decreased with increasing population”
Claim · model-written summary
Test weight and/or oil percentage of sunflower seeds increased with plant population.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- populatione1
- Outcome
- test weight and/or oil percentagee1
- Direction
- increasede1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“seed quality factors of test weight and/or oil percentage increased with population”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower head moisture at early harvest decreased from 68 to 50% as plant population increased from 17 to 62 thousand plants/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- plant populations increased from 17 to 62 thousand plants/hae1
- Outcome
- head moisture percentagese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 68 to 50%e1
- Qualifier
- at early harveste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“As plant populations increased from 17 to 62 thousand plants/ha, head moisture percentages decreased from 68 to 50% at early harvest and from 43 to 20% at later harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Sunflower head moisture at later harvest decreased from 43 to 20% as plant population increased from 17 to 62 thousand plants/ha.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- plant populations increased from 17 to 62 thousand plants/hae1
- Outcome
- head moisture percentagese1
- Direction
- decreasede1
- Value
- 43 to 20%e1
- Qualifier
- at later harveste1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“As plant populations increased from 17 to 62 thousand plants/ha, head moisture percentages decreased from 68 to 50% at early harvest and from 43 to 20% at later harvest”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest desiccant sprays reduced sunflower head moisture.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Preharvest desiccant sprayse1
- Outcome
- head moisturee1
- Direction
- reducede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“Preharvest desiccant sprays reduced head moisture but did not alter the relationship between increasing population and decreasing head moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Preharvest desiccant sprays did not alter the relationship between increasing plant population and decreasing head moisture in sunflower.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Preharvest desiccant sprayse1
- Outcome
- relationship between increasing population and decreasing head moisturee1
- Direction
- did not altere1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“Preharvest desiccant sprays reduced head moisture but did not alter the relationship between increasing population and decreasing head moisture”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing row spacing did not increase sunflower yield on a sandy soil.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuuse0
- Treatment
- Increasing row spacinge1
- Outcome
- yielde1
- Direction
- did not increasee1
- Setting
- sandy soile1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) seed”
e1“Increasing row spacing to conserve soil moisture between rows did not increase yield on a sandy soil”
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See all 85 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.