Abstract
The response of onion (Allium cepa L.) to postemergence applications of oxyfluorfen during early seedling development was measured in growth room experiments. Tolerance to oxyfluorfen increased more than 70-fold from the late loop to the two fully developed leaf stage. Field and growth room experiments were also conducted to determine the relationship of spray retention and epicuticular wax on the tolerance of onion seedlings to the herbicide. In general, there was a progressive decrease in spray retention and a corresponding increase in epicuticular wax per unit dry weight as plant age increased. Spray retention in the field was approximately twice as great as in the growth room. The amount of epicuticular wax on the leaf surfaces of the onions was about equivalent under the two growing conditions. A significant decrease in epicuticular wax per unit dry weight between the late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages occurred under both field and growth room conditions, while tolerance to the herbicide continued to increase during the same period.Key words: Onions, oxyfluorfen, ED 50 , spray retention, epicuticular wax
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Onion tolerance to oxyfluorfen increased more than 70-fold from late loop to two fully developed leaves.
- Taxon
- onion
Allium cepae1 - Organ / stage
- two fully developed leaf stagee0
- Outcome
- Tolerance to oxyfluorfene0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- more than 70-folde0
- Comparator
- late loope0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Tolerance to oxyfluorfen increased more than 70-fold from the late loop to the two fully developed leaf stage”
e1“tolerance of onion seedlings to the herbicide”
e2“between the late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Spray retention progressively decreased as onion seedlings aged.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Organ / stage
- plant agee0
- Outcome
- spray retentione0
- Direction
- decreasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a progressive decrease in spray retention and a corresponding increase in epicuticular wax per unit dry weight as plant age increased”
e1“tolerance of onion seedlings to the herbicide”
e2“between the late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Epicuticular wax per unit dry weight increased as onion seedlings aged in general.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Organ / stage
- plant agee0
- Outcome
- epicuticular wax per unit dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“there was a progressive decrease in spray retention and a corresponding increase in epicuticular wax per unit dry weight as plant age increased”
e1“tolerance of onion seedlings to the herbicide”
e2“between the late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion spray retention in the field was approximately twice that in the growth room.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Outcome
- Spray retentione0
- Direction
- twice as greate0
- Value
- approximately twicee0
- Comparator
- growth roome0
- Setting
- fielde0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Spray retention in the field was approximately twice as great as in the growth room”
e1“tolerance of onion seedlings to the herbicide”
e2“between the late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Onion leaf epicuticular wax amounts were about equivalent in field and growth room.
- Taxon
- onionsAllium cepae0
- Organ / stage
- leaf surfacese0
- Outcome
- amount of epicuticular waxe0
- Direction
- about equivalente0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The amount of epicuticular wax on the leaf surfaces of the onions was about equivalent under the two growing conditions”
e1“tolerance of onion seedlings to the herbicide”
e2“between the late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Epicuticular wax per dry weight decreased significantly between late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages in both field and growth room.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Organ / stage
- late two-leaf stagese0
- Outcome
- epicuticular wax per unit dry weighte0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- late one-leafe0
- Setting
- field and growth room conditionse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A significant decrease in epicuticular wax per unit dry weight between the late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages occurred under both field and growth room conditions”
e1“tolerance of onion seedlings to the herbicide”
e2“between the late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages”
Claim · model-written summary
Oxyfluorfen tolerance continued increasing over the same late one-leaf to late two-leaf period.
- Taxon
- onionAllium cepae1
- Organ / stage
- late one-leaf and late two-leaf stagese2
- Outcome
- tolerance to the herbicidee0
- Direction
- increasee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tolerance to the herbicide continued to increase during the same period”
e1“tolerance of onion seedlings to the herbicide”
e2“between the late one-leaf and late two-leaf stages”