Abstract
S ummary Experiments were performed to determine changes in mass, protein content and carbohydrate content of seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments. The results indicate significant differences by both analysis of variance and two‐tailed t‐tests. These additional hydrogen ions decreased seed yields by 2·6, 6·5, 11·4 and 8·5%, respectively. A treatment‐response function was determined between the hydrogen ion concentration of the treatments and seed yield. This function, y = 21·06 – 1·01 log x , has a correlation coefficient of minus 090 and its slope is significantly different from zero. Decreased yields were attributed to a decrease in number of pods per plant since seed number per pod and mass per seed did not vary among the treatments. On a per plant basis, total seed protein decreased by 10 and 19% in plants exposed to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0 and 3·1, respectively, compared with plants not exposed to simulated rainfalls. At these same treatment levels total non‐structural carbohydrates did not decrease significantly. The results show that additional increments of simulated acidic rain can decrease seed biomass and protein content of field‐grown soybeans.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield decreased 2·6% under the first acid-rain level.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxe1 - Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 2·6e0
- Qualifier
- pH 4·0e1
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These additional hydrogen ions decreased seed yields by 2·6, 6·5, 11·4 and 8·5%, respectively”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield decreased 6·5% under the second acid-rain level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 6·5e0
- Qualifier
- 3·1e1
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These additional hydrogen ions decreased seed yields by 2·6, 6·5, 11·4 and 8·5%, respectively”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield decreased 11·4% under the third acid-rain level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 11·4e0
- Qualifier
- 2·7e1
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These additional hydrogen ions decreased seed yields by 2·6, 6·5, 11·4 and 8·5%, respectively”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed yield decreased 8·5% under the fourth acid-rain level.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- seed yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 8·5%e0
- Qualifier
- 2·3e1
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These additional hydrogen ions decreased seed yields by 2·6, 6·5, 11·4 and 8·5%, respectively”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hydrogen ion concentration and seed yield followed a negative treatment-response relation.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- seed yielde0
- Direction
- minuse0
- Value
- minus 090e0
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“A treatment‐response function was determined between the hydrogen ion concentration of the treatments and seed yield. This function, y = 21·06 – 1·01 log x , has a correlation coefficient of minus 090 and its slope is significantly different from zero”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
The yield decrease was attributed to fewer pods per plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- number of pods per plante0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Decreased yields were attributed to a decrease in number of pods per plant since seed number per pod and mass per seed did not vary among the treatments”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed number per pod and mass per seed did not vary across treatments.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- seed number per pod and mass per seede0
- Direction
- did not varye0
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“seed number per pod and mass per seed did not vary among the treatments”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total seed protein per plant decreased 10% at pH 4·0.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- total seed proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 10e0
- Qualifier
- pH 4·0e0
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total seed protein decreased by 10 and 19% in plants exposed to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0 and 3·1, respectively”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total seed protein per plant decreased 19% at pH 3·1.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- total seed proteine0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- 19%e0
- Qualifier
- 3·1e0
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“total seed protein decreased by 10 and 19% in plants exposed to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0 and 3·1, respectively”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
Claim · model-written summary
Total non-structural carbohydrates did not decrease significantly at those treatment levels.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe1
- Treatment
- simulated acidic raine1
- Outcome
- total non‐structural carbohydratese0
- Direction
- did not decreasee0
- Comparator
- Control plotse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At these same treatment levels total non‐structural carbohydrates did not decrease significantly”
e1“seeds of soybean plants exposed to simulated acidic rain grown under standard agronomic practices and receiving ambient rainfall at Brookhaven National Laboratory during the summer of 1979. Plots were exposed three times per week to simulated rainfalls of pH 4·0, 3·1, 2·7 or 2·3 to provide inputs of 50, 397, 998 or 2506 μequiv. of hydrogen ions respectively, above ambient levels throughout the growing season. Control plots received no simulated rainfall treatments.”
The same questions in other papers
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- negative
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1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.