Abstract
SUMMARY The effects of simulated acid rain on two soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merrill] cultivars were studied in field experiments in central Illinois. The cultivars,‘Amsoy 71’and‘Williams 82′, were shielded from ambient precipitation and treated twice weekly with applications of 1.05 cm of one of six simulated rain treatments which ranged in pH from 5.6 to 3.0. Each treatment was replicated 12 times in 1983, nine times in 1984, and six times in 1985. Measurements were taken for plant height, chaff dry weight, plant population, lodging, pods/plant, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, mass/seed, and number of low pods. There were small but significant (α= 0.10) effects of treatment acidity in some years for some of the parameters measured. For Amsoy 71, in one of three years, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, and chaff dry weight were reduced by increasing acidity of the simulated rain. In general, Amsoy 71 plants subjected to the more acidic treatments were shorter and had lower lodging in the second and third years of the experiments. For Amsoy 71 there were no significant linear contrasts for the effect of simulated acid rain on plants/ha, mass/seed, and protein concentration of the seed. For Williams 82 there was a small but significant trend for increased seed oil with decreasing pH in 1984 only. For this cultivar there were no significant linear contrasts for the effect of simulated acid rain on plants/hectare, plant height, lodging score, chaff dry weight, low pods, pods/plant, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, or mass/seed. Where changes in either cultivar occurred, the magnitude of these changes over the entire pH range studied was generally 6% or less. Not only was the magnitude of the responses minimal, but the response to simulated acid rain was not consistent between cultivars or in some cases within cultivars from year to year. The response to stimulated acid rain was also small when compared with the potential effect of other stresses such as drought, ozone, disease, insects, and weeds on soybean yield and growth parameters.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Simulated acid rain had small but significant effects in some years on some soybean growth and yield parameters.
- Taxon
- soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Treatment
- treatment aciditye2
- Outcome
- parameters measurede2
- Qualifier
- small but significant (α= 0.10)e2
- Setting
- field experiments in central Illinoise1
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“were studied in field experiments in central Illinois”
e2“There were small but significant (α= 0.10) effects of treatment acidity in some years for some of the parameters measured”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing acidity of the simulated rain reduced seeds per plant, seeds per pod and chaff dry weight of Amsoy 71 in one of three years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Amsoy 71e3
- Treatment
- increasing acidity of the simulated raine3
- Outcome
- seeds/plant, seeds/pod, and chaff dry weighte3
- Direction
- reducede3
- Qualifier
- in one of three yearse3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“For Amsoy 71, in one of three years, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, and chaff dry weight were reduced by increasing acidity of the simulated rain”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Amsoy 71 plants under the more acidic simulated rain treatments were shorter.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Amsoy 71e4
- Treatment
- more acidic treatmentse4
- Outcome
- plant heighte5
- Direction
- shortere4
- Qualifier
- in the second and third years of the experimentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In general, Amsoy 71 plants subjected to the more acidic treatments were shorter and had lower lodging in the second and third years of the experiments”
e5“Measurements were taken for plant height, chaff dry weight, plant population, lodging, pods/plant, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, mass/seed, and number of low pods”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Amsoy 71 plants under the more acidic simulated rain treatments had lower lodging in the second and third years.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Amsoy 71e4
- Treatment
- more acidic treatmentse4
- Outcome
- lodginge4
- Direction
- lowere4
- Qualifier
- in the second and third years of the experimentse4
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“In general, Amsoy 71 plants subjected to the more acidic treatments were shorter and had lower lodging in the second and third years of the experiments”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Amsoy 71 showed no significant linear response to simulated acid rain in plants per hectare, mass per seed or seed protein concentration.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Amsoy 71e6
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine6
- Outcome
- plants/ha, mass/seed, and protein concentration of the seede6
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“For Amsoy 71 there were no significant linear contrasts for the effect of simulated acid rain on plants/ha, mass/seed, and protein concentration of the seed”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Williams 82 showed a small but significant increase in seed oil with decreasing pH in 1984 only.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Williams 82e7
- Treatment
- decreasing pHe7
- Outcome
- seed oile7
- Direction
- increasede7
- Qualifier
- in 1984 onlye7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“For Williams 82 there was a small but significant trend for increased seed oil with decreasing pH in 1984 only”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Williams 82 showed no significant linear response to simulated acid rain in plants/hectare, plant height, lodging score.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Williams 82e0
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- plants/hectare, plant height, lodging scoree1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Williams 82 there was a small but significant trend for increased seed oil with decreasing pH in 1984 only”
e1“For this cultivar there were no significant linear contrasts for the effect of simulated acid rain on plants/hectare, plant height, lodging score, chaff dry weight, low pods, pods/plant, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, or mass/seed”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Williams 82 showed no significant linear response to simulated acid rain in chaff dry weight, low pods, pods/plant.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Williams 82e0
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- chaff dry weight, low pods, pods/plante1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Williams 82 there was a small but significant trend for increased seed oil with decreasing pH in 1984 only”
e1“For this cultivar there were no significant linear contrasts for the effect of simulated acid rain on plants/hectare, plant height, lodging score, chaff dry weight, low pods, pods/plant, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, or mass/seed”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Williams 82 showed no significant linear response to simulated acid rain in seeds/plant, seeds/pod, or mass/seed.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Material
- Williams 82e0
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine1
- Outcome
- seeds/plant, seeds/pod, or mass/seede1
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede1
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“For Williams 82 there was a small but significant trend for increased seed oil with decreasing pH in 1984 only”
e1“For this cultivar there were no significant linear contrasts for the effect of simulated acid rain on plants/hectare, plant height, lodging score, chaff dry weight, low pods, pods/plant, seeds/plant, seeds/pod, or mass/seed”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
Changes in either soybean cultivar were generally 6% or less over the entire pH range studied.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- entire pH range studiede2
- Outcome
- magnitude of these changese2
- Value
- 6% or lesse2
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Where changes in either cultivar occurred, the magnitude of these changes over the entire pH range studied was generally 6% or less”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The response of soybean to simulated acid rain was not consistent between cultivars or from year to year.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- simulated acid raine2
- Outcome
- response to simulated acid raine2
- Direction
- not consistente2
- Qualifier
- between cultivars or in some cases within cultivars from year to yeare2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“Not only was the magnitude of the responses minimal, but the response to simulated acid rain was not consistent between cultivars or in some cases within cultivars from year to year”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
Claim · model-written summary
The response of soybean to stimulated acid rain was small compared with the potential effects of other stresses such as drought, ozone, disease, insects and weeds.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- stimulated acid raine2
- Outcome
- response to stimulated acid raine2
- Direction
- smalle2
- Comparator
- other stresses such as drought, ozone, disease, insects, and weedse2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“The response to stimulated acid rain was also small when compared with the potential effect of other stresses such as drought, ozone, disease, insects, and weeds on soybean yield and growth parameters”
t0“Effects of simulated acid rain on growth parameters and yield components of two soybean cultivars”
The same questions in other papers
rainfall · quality: protein · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
2 papers in the same direction as this paper · 1 in the opposite direction
- negative
- positive
- negative
rainfall · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Results differ
24 papers in the same direction as this paper · 2 in the opposite direction
- no effect
- positive
- positive
23 papers more in this group
See all 27 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.