Abstract
Observations indicate that Spanish‐type peanuts ( Arachis hypogaea L.) are more tolerant of dehydration than Virginia types under severe water stress. However, physiological reasons for differences in tolerance to water deficits among peanut genotypes have not been established. The objective of this study was to evaluate peanut genotypes for their response and relative resistance to severe water deficits. A Spanish type (‘Comet’), Virginia type (‘Florunner’), and a Spanish ✕ Virginia selection (OK‐FH15) were grown in situ under irrigated (IRR) and rainfed (RF) conditions. Leaf water potential (ψ w ), osmotic potential (ψ π ), turgor potential (ψ p ), relative water content (RWC) and its apoplastic water fraction (A w ) were determined weekly between 1300 and 1500 h, and diurnally on selected days. Yields were determined at 149 days after planting (DAP). Ratios (RF/IRR) genotype ψ w , ψ π , and RWC showed significant differences among genotypes between 50 and 63 DAP, a critical period of peanut growth and development. The ψ w and RWC ratios were maximum for all genotypes at 63 and 70 DAP, respectively. The maximum ψ π ratio occurred on 56 DAP for Comet (1.25), 63 DAP for OK‐FH15 (1.32), and 70 DAP for Florunner (1.18). Regression analysis of 1/ψ w vs. RWC showed a biphasic cubic polynomial function best fit the data for all genotypes. The data indicated that as RWC declined, Comet ψ w tended to decrease more rapidly than either OK‐FH15 or Florunner. Conservative estimates of ψ π , changes between 95 and 55%R WC were highest for Comet, lowest for Florunner, and OK‐FH15 was intermediate. A w was calculated for each genotype and plotted against ψ p to determine its contribution to hydration maintenance. At high ψ p , maximum A w , was 7.1, 12.1, and 25.2%f or Florunner, OK‐FH15, and Comet, respectively. Florunner A w , decreased to zero at 0.16 MPa ψ p , and the A w of OK‐FH15 decreased with ψ p to the origin. Comet had much greater A w at low ψ p and was the only genotype with appreciable A w at zero ψ p . These results indicate that A w varies in peanuts and may be genotype specific. Comet showed significantly higher yield, grade, and dollar value than either Florunner or OK‐FH15 under rainfed conditions. The lower ψ w , greater change in ψ π , and higher A w and yield of RF Comet suggests greater resistance to dehydration when high soil moisture deficits and evaporative demand conditions occur.
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Claims 20
Claim · model-written summary
RF/IRR water-potential, osmotic-potential and relative-water-content ratios differed significantly among genotypes at 50–63 days.
- Taxon
- peanut
Arachis hypogaeae0 - Outcome
- Ratios (RF/IRR) genotype ψ w , ψ π , and RWCe0
- Qualifier
- between 50 and 63 DAPe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Ratios (RF/IRR) genotype ψ w , ψ π , and RWC showed significant differences among genotypes between 50 and 63 DAP, a critical period of peanut growth and development.”
Claim · model-written summary
Water-potential ratios were maximal at 63 DAP for all genotypes.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ψ w and RWC ratios were maximum for all genotypes at 63 and 70 DAP, respectively.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Relative-water-content ratios were maximal at 70 DAP for all genotypes.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- RWC ratiose0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 70 DAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The ψ w and RWC ratios were maximum for all genotypes at 63 and 70 DAP, respectively.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Comet's maximum osmotic-potential ratio was 1.25 at 56 DAP.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Comete0
- Outcome
- ψ π ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.25e0
- Qualifier
- 56 DAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum ψ π ratio occurred on 56 DAP for Comet (1.25), 63 DAP for OK‐FH15 (1.32), and 70 DAP for Florunner (1.18).”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
OK‐FH15's maximum osmotic-potential ratio was 1.32 at 63 DAP.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- OK‐FH15e0
- Outcome
- ψ π ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.32e0
- Qualifier
- 63 DAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum ψ π ratio occurred on 56 DAP for Comet (1.25), 63 DAP for OK‐FH15 (1.32), and 70 DAP for Florunner (1.18).”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Florunner's maximum osmotic-potential ratio was 1.18 at 70 DAP.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Florunnere0
- Outcome
- ψ π ratioe0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 1.18e0
- Qualifier
- 70 DAPe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The maximum ψ π ratio occurred on 56 DAP for Comet (1.25), 63 DAP for OK‐FH15 (1.32), and 70 DAP for Florunner (1.18).”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
A biphasic cubic polynomial best fitted inverse water potential versus relative water content for all genotypes.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Outcome
- best fit the datae0
- Qualifier
- biphasic cubic polynomial functione0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Regression analysis of 1/ψ w vs. RWC showed a biphasic cubic polynomial function best fit the data for all genotypes.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
As relative water content declined, Comet water potential tended to decrease faster than the other genotypes.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Comete0
- Outcome
- ψ we0
- Direction
- decrease more rapidlye0
- Qualifier
- as RWC declinede0
- Comparator
- OK‐FH15 or Florunnere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The data indicated that as RWC declined, Comet ψ w tended to decrease more rapidly than either OK‐FH15 or Florunner.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated osmotic-potential changes were highest for Comet.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Comete0
- Outcome
- ψ π , changese0
- Direction
- higheste0
- Qualifier
- between 95 and 55%R WCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservative estimates of ψ π , changes between 95 and 55%R WC were highest for Comet, lowest for Florunner, and OK‐FH15 was intermediate.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated osmotic-potential changes were lowest for Florunner.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Florunnere0
- Outcome
- ψ π , changese0
- Direction
- loweste0
- Qualifier
- between 95 and 55%R WCe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservative estimates of ψ π , changes between 95 and 55%R WC were highest for Comet, lowest for Florunner, and OK‐FH15 was intermediate.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Estimated osmotic-potential changes were intermediate for OK‐FH15.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- OK‐FH15e0
- Outcome
- ψ π , changese0
- Qualifier
- intermediatee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Conservative estimates of ψ π , changes between 95 and 55%R WC were highest for Comet, lowest for Florunner, and OK‐FH15 was intermediate.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum apoplastic water fraction at high turgor was 7.1 for Florunner.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Florunnere0
- Outcome
- A we0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 7.1e0
- Qualifier
- At high ψ pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high ψ p , maximum A w , was 7.1, 12.1, and 25.2%f or Florunner, OK‐FH15, and Comet, respectively.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum apoplastic water fraction at high turgor was 12.1 for OK‐FH15.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- OK‐FH15e0
- Outcome
- A we0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 12.1e0
- Qualifier
- At high ψ pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high ψ p , maximum A w , was 7.1, 12.1, and 25.2%f or Florunner, OK‐FH15, and Comet, respectively.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum apoplastic water fraction at high turgor was 25.2% for Comet.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Comete0
- Outcome
- A we0
- Direction
- maximume0
- Value
- 25.2%e0
- Qualifier
- At high ψ pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“At high ψ p , maximum A w , was 7.1, 12.1, and 25.2%f or Florunner, OK‐FH15, and Comet, respectively.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Florunner apoplastic water fraction declined to zero at 0.16 MPa turgor.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Florunnere0
- Outcome
- A we0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Value
- zeroe0
- Qualifier
- at 0.16 MPa ψ pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Florunner A w , decreased to zero at 0.16 MPa ψ p”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
OK‐FH15 apoplastic water fraction decreased with turgor to the origin.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- OK‐FH15e0
- Outcome
- A we0
- Direction
- decreasede0
- Qualifier
- with ψ p to the origine0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the A w of OK‐FH15 decreased with ψ p to the origin.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Comet had greater apoplastic water fraction at low turgor and uniquely retained appreciable fraction at zero turgor.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Comete0
- Outcome
- A we0
- Direction
- much greatere0
- Qualifier
- only genotype with appreciable A w at zero ψ pe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comet had much greater A w at low ψ p and was the only genotype with appreciable A w at zero ψ p .”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Apoplastic water fraction varies among peanuts and may be genotype specific.
- Taxon
- peanutsArachis hypogaeae0
- Outcome
- A we0
- Qualifier
- may be genotype specifice0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“These results indicate that A w varies in peanuts and may be genotype specific.”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfed Comet had significantly higher yield, grade and dollar value than Florunner or OK‐FH15.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Comete0
- Treatment
- rainfed conditionse0
- Outcome
- yield, grade, and dollar valuee0
- Direction
- highere0
- Comparator
- Florunner or OK‐FH15e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Comet showed significantly higher yield, grade, and dollar value than either Florunner or OK‐FH15 under rainfed conditions.”
t0“Peanut”
Claim · model-written summary
Rainfed Comet water relations and yield suggest greater dehydration resistance under high moisture deficits and evaporative demand.
- Taxon
- PeanutArachis hypogaeat0
- Material
- Comete0
- Outcome
- greater resistance to dehydratione0
- Qualifier
- when high soil moisture deficits and evaporative demand conditions occure0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The lower ψ w , greater change in ψ π , and higher A w and yield of RF Comet suggests greater resistance to dehydration when high soil moisture deficits and evaporative demand conditions occur.”
t0“Peanut”