Abstract
Abstract. The effects on nitrate leaching of incorporation of paper mill waste at three cultivation depths in fields previously cropped to iceberg lettuce and calabrese are reported. In the lettuce experiment, incorporation of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha resulted in a decrease in N leaching (measured with suction cups) from 177 to 94 kg/ha (S.E. d = 23). Deep ploughing with and without paper waste increased N leaching from 105 kg/ha (normal ploughing or surface incorporation) to 172 kg/ha (S. E. d = 27). Measurements of nitrate leaching using deep soil cores showed a less clear cut effect. Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions were very high immediately after paper waste was ploughed in to a depth of 35 cm. Non–significant increases in biomass N content were measured in the spring following paper waste application. There was no significant reduction in plant N uptake in subsequent crops. Removal of above–ground crop residues did not have a significant effect on nitrate leaching or N 2 O losses. In the calabrese experiment, application of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha followed by summer cropping with iceberg lettuce caused a decrease in N leaching (measured using deep soil cores) from 227 to 152 kg/ha (S. E. d = 22, mean of all cultivation treatments).
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Claims 8
Claim · model-written summary
Incorporating 40 t DM paper mill waste per ha decreased N leaching in the lettuce experiment from 177 to 94 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativae1 - Treatment
- incorporation of 40 t DM paper mill waste/hae1
- Outcome
- N leachinge1
- Direction
- decreasee1
- Value
- 177 to 94 kg/hae1
- Setting
- Nitrate Vulnerable Zonet0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Nitrate Vulnerable Zone”
e1“In the lettuce experiment, incorporation of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha resulted in a decrease in N leaching (measured with suction cups) from 177 to 94 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep ploughing with and without paper waste increased N leaching from 105 to 172 kg/ha compared with normal ploughing or surface incorporation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Deep ploughing with and without paper wastee2
- Outcome
- N leachinge2
- Direction
- increasede2
- Value
- 172 kg/hae2
- Comparator
- normal ploughing or surface incorporatione2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the lettuce experiment, incorporation of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha resulted in a decrease in N leaching (measured with suction cups) from 177 to 94 kg/ha”
e2“Deep ploughing with and without paper waste increased N leaching from 105 kg/ha (normal ploughing or surface incorporation) to 172 kg/ha”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrate leaching measured with deep soil cores showed a less clear-cut effect.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- Measurements of nitrate leaching using deep soil corese3
- Qualifier
- less clear cut effecte3
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the lettuce experiment, incorporation of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha resulted in a decrease in N leaching (measured with suction cups) from 177 to 94 kg/ha”
e3“Measurements of nitrate leaching using deep soil cores showed a less clear cut effect”
Claim · model-written summary
Nitrous oxide emissions were very high immediately after paper waste was ploughed in to 35 cm depth.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Outcome
- Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissionse4
- Qualifier
- very high immediately after paper waste was ploughed in to a depth of 35 cme4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the lettuce experiment, incorporation of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha resulted in a decrease in N leaching (measured with suction cups) from 177 to 94 kg/ha”
e4“Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) emissions were very high immediately after paper waste was ploughed in to a depth of 35 cm”
Claim · model-written summary
Biomass N content showed a non-significant increase in the spring after paper waste application.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- paper waste applicatione5
- Outcome
- biomass N contente5
- Direction
- increasese5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the lettuce experiment, incorporation of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha resulted in a decrease in N leaching (measured with suction cups) from 177 to 94 kg/ha”
e5“Non–significant increases in biomass N content were measured in the spring following paper waste application”
Claim · model-written summary
Paper mill waste did not significantly reduce plant N uptake in subsequent crops.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- paper mill wastee1
- Outcome
- plant N uptakee6
- Direction
- reductione6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the lettuce experiment, incorporation of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha resulted in a decrease in N leaching (measured with suction cups) from 177 to 94 kg/ha”
e6“There was no significant reduction in plant N uptake in subsequent crops”
Claim · model-written summary
Removal of above-ground crop residues had no significant effect on nitrate leaching or N2O losses.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativae1
- Treatment
- Removal of above–ground crop residuese7
- Outcome
- nitrate leaching or N 2 O lossese7
- Direction
- no_changeinferrede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“In the lettuce experiment, incorporation of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha resulted in a decrease in N leaching (measured with suction cups) from 177 to 94 kg/ha”
e7“Removal of above–ground crop residues did not have a significant effect on nitrate leaching or N 2 O losses”
Claim · model-written summary
In the calabrese experiment, paper mill waste followed by summer lettuce decreased N leaching from 227 to 152 kg/ha.
- Taxon
- calabresee0
- Treatment
- application of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha followed by summer cropping with iceberg lettucee0
- Outcome
- N leachinge0
- Direction
- decreasee0
- Value
- 227 to 152 kg/hae0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“In the calabrese experiment, application of 40 t DM paper mill waste/ha followed by summer cropping with iceberg lettuce caused a decrease in N leaching (measured using deep soil cores) from 227 to 152 kg/ha”
The same questions in other papers
organic · nutrient: content · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Positive and negative results
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See all 21 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.