Abstract
Tubulins, as major components involved in the organization of microtubules, play an important role in plant development. We describe here the expression profiles of all known alpha-tubulin (TUA), beta-tubulin (TUB) and gamma-tubulin (TUG) genes of barley (Hordeum vulgare), involving eight newly identified TUB sequences, five established TUA genes and one TUG gene. Macroarray and Northern blot-based expression patterns in the pericarp, endosperm and embryo were obtained over the course of the development of the grain between anthesis and maturation. These revealed that the various tubulin genes differed in their levels of expression, and to some extent were tissue specific. Two expression peaks were detected in the developing endosperm. The first and more prominent peak, at 2 days after flowering, included expression of almost all the tubulin genes. These tubulins are thought to be involved in mitoses during the formation of the syncytial endosperm. The second, less pronounced but more extended, peak included only some of the tubulin genes (HvTUA3, HvTUB1 and HvTUG) and might be associated with the cell wall organization in aleurone and starchy endosperm. The HvTUA5 gene is expressed only in embryo of the developing grain and may be associated with shoot establishment. The expression profiles of the tubulin folding cofactors HvTFC A and HvTFC B as well as small G-protein HvArl2 genes were almost perfectly correlated with the global levels of tubulin mRNA, implying that they have a role in the control of the polymerization of alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimers.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Eight TUB sequences were newly identified.
- Taxon
- barley
.jpg?width=60)
Hordeum vulgaree1 - Gene
- TUBe0
- Outcome
- newly identified TUB sequencese0
- Value
- eighte0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“eight newly identified TUB sequences”
e1“genes of barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Tubulin genes differed in expression level and were partly tissue specific.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- tubulin genese0
- Outcome
- levels of expressione0
- Direction
- differede0
- Qualifier
- to some extent were tissue specifice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the various tubulin genes differed in their levels of expression, and to some extent were tissue specific.”
e1“genes of barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Almost all tubulin genes had a prominent expression peak in endosperm two days after flowering.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- endosperme2
- Gene
- tubulin genese0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- more prominent peake0
- Value
- 2 days after floweringe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The first and more prominent peak, at 2 days after flowering, included expression of almost all the tubulin genes.”
e1“genes of barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
e2“Two expression peaks were detected in the developing endosperm.”
Claim · model-written summary
HvTUA3, HvTUB1, and HvTUG were included in a less pronounced but more extended expression peak.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- endosperme2
- Gene
- HvTUA3, HvTUB1 and HvTUGe0
- Outcome
- peake0
- Direction
- less pronounced but more extendede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The second, less pronounced but more extended, peak included only some of the tubulin genes (HvTUA3, HvTUB1 and HvTUG)”
e1“genes of barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
e2“Two expression peaks were detected in the developing endosperm.”
Claim · model-written summary
HvTUA5 was expressed only in the developing embryo.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Organ / stage
- embryoe0
- Gene
- HvTUA5e0
- Outcome
- expressed only in embryoe0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The HvTUA5 gene is expressed only in embryo of the developing grain”
e1“genes of barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
Expression of HvTFC A, HvTFC B, and HvArl2 was nearly perfectly correlated with global tubulin mRNA levels.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- HvTFC A and HvTFC B as well as small G-protein HvArl2e0
- Outcome
- expression profilese0
- Comparator
- global levels of tubulin mRNAe0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The expression profiles of the tubulin folding cofactors HvTFC A and HvTFC B as well as small G-protein HvArl2 genes were almost perfectly correlated with the global levels of tubulin mRNA”
e1“genes of barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer that HvTFC A, HvTFC B, and HvArl2 help control alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimer polymerization.
- Taxon
- barleyHordeum vulgaree1
- Gene
- HvTFC A and HvTFC B as well as small G-protein HvArl2e2
- Outcome
- polymerization of alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimerse0
- Qualifier
- role in the controle0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“implying that they have a role in the control of the polymerization of alpha/beta-tubulin heterodimers.”
e1“genes of barley (Hordeum vulgare)”
e2“HvTFC A and HvTFC B as well as small G-protein HvArl2 genes”