Abstract
ABSTRACT The role of riboflavin as an elicitor of systemic resistance and an activator of a novel signaling process in plants was demonstrated. Following treatment with riboflavin, Arabidopsis thaliana developed systemic resistance to Peronospora parasitica and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato, and tobacco developed systemic resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Alternaria alternata. Riboflavin, at concentrations necessary for resistance induction, did not cause cell death in plants or directly affect growth of the culturable pathogens. Riboflavin induced expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in the plants, suggesting its ability to trigger a signal transduction pathway that leads to systemic resistance. Both the protein kinase inhibitor K252a and mutation in the NIM1/NPR1 gene which controls transcription of defense genes, impaired responsiveness to riboflavin. In contrast, riboflavin induced resistance and PR gene expression in NahG plants, which fail to accumulate salicylic acid (SA). Thus, riboflavin-induced resistance requires protein kinase signaling mechanisms and a functional NIM1/NPR1 gene, but not accumulation of SA. Riboflavin is an elicitor of systemic resistance, and it triggers resistance signal transduction in a distinct manner.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin induced systemic resistance to Peronospora parasitica in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thaliana
Arabidopsis thalianae0 - Treatment
- riboflavine0
- Interactor
- Peronospora parasitica
Hyaloperonospora parasiticae0pathogen - Outcome
- systemic resistance to Peronospora parasiticae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following treatment with riboflavin, Arabidopsis thaliana developed systemic resistance to Peronospora parasitica and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin induced systemic resistance to Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Taxon
- Arabidopsis thalianaArabidopsis thalianae0
- Treatment
- riboflavine0
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato
Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomatoe0pathogen - Outcome
- systemic resistance to Peronospora parasitica and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomatoe0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Following treatment with riboflavin, Arabidopsis thaliana developed systemic resistance to Peronospora parasitica and Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tomato”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin induced systemic resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobacco
Nicotiana tabacume0 - Treatment
- Riboflavint0
- Interactor
- Tobacco mosaic virus
Tobacco mosaic viruse0pathogen - Outcome
- systemic resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)e0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“tobacco developed systemic resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Alternaria alternata.”
t0“Riboflavin”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin induced systemic resistance to Alternaria alternata in tobacco.
- Taxon
- tobaccoNicotiana tabacume0
- Treatment
- Riboflavint0
- Interactor
- Alternaria alternata
.jpg?width=60)
Alternaria alternatae0pathogen - Outcome
- systemic resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Alternaria alternatae0
Not reportedComparatorDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“tobacco developed systemic resistance to Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and Alternaria alternata.”
t0“Riboflavin”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin at resistance-inducing concentrations did not cause plant cell death.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Riboflavine0
- Outcome
- cell deathe0
- Direction
- did not causee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Riboflavin, at concentrations necessary for resistance induction, did not cause cell death in plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin at resistance-inducing concentrations did not directly affect culturable pathogen growth.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Riboflavine0
- Outcome
- growth of the culturable pathogense0
- Direction
- did not causee0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Riboflavin, at concentrations necessary for resistance induction, did not cause cell death in plants or directly affect growth of the culturable pathogens.”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin induced expression of pathogenesis-related genes.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Treatment
- Riboflavine0
- Gene
- pathogenesis-related (PR) genese0
- Outcome
- expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genese0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Riboflavin induced expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes in the plants”
Claim · model-written summary
K252a impaired plant responsiveness to riboflavin.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Treatment
- protein kinase inhibitor K252ae0
- Outcome
- responsiveness to riboflavine0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both the protein kinase inhibitor K252a and mutation in the NIM1/NPR1 gene which controls transcription of defense genes, impaired responsiveness to riboflavin.”
t0“Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
NIM1/NPR1 mutation impaired plant responsiveness to riboflavin.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaet0
- Treatment
- mutation in the NIM1/NPR1 genee0
- Gene
- NIM1/NPR1 genee0
- Outcome
- responsiveness to riboflavine0
- Direction
- impairede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Both the protein kinase inhibitor K252a and mutation in the NIM1/NPR1 gene which controls transcription of defense genes, impaired responsiveness to riboflavin.”
t0“Plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin induced resistance in NahG plants despite their failure to accumulate salicylic acid.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Material
- NahGe0
- Treatment
- riboflavine0
- Outcome
- resistancee0
- Direction
- inducede0
- Qualifier
- fail to accumulate salicylic acid (SA)e0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“riboflavin induced resistance and PR gene expression in NahG plants, which fail to accumulate salicylic acid (SA).”
Claim · model-written summary
Riboflavin induced PR gene expression in NahG plants.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee0
- Material
- NahGe0
- Treatment
- riboflavine0
- Gene
- PR genee0
- Outcome
- PR gene expressione0
- Direction
- inducede0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“riboflavin induced resistance and PR gene expression in NahG plants, which fail to accumulate salicylic acid (SA).”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors infer that riboflavin-induced resistance requires kinase signaling and NIM1/NPR1 but not salicylic acid accumulation.
- Taxon
- PlantsViridiplantaet0
- Gene
- NIM1/NPR1 genee0
- Outcome
- riboflavin-induced resistancee0
- Qualifier
- protein kinase signaling mechanismse0
Verbatim
e0“riboflavin-induced resistance requires protein kinase signaling mechanisms and a functional NIM1/NPR1 gene, but not accumulation of SA.”
t0“Plants”
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See all 14 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.