Abstract
Energy is required for growth as well as for multiple cellular processes. During evolution, plants developed regulatory mechanisms to adapt energy consumption to metabolic reserves and cellular needs. Reduced growth is often observed under stress, leading to a growth-stress trade-off that governs plant performance under different conditions. In this work, we report that plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc), required for electron transport coupled to oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production, show impaired growth and increased global expression of stress-responsive genes, similar to those observed after inhibiting the respiratory chain or the mitochondrial ATP synthase. CYTc-deficient plants also show activation of the SnRK1 pathway, which regulates growth, metabolism, and stress responses under carbon starvation conditions, even though their carbohydrate levels are not significantly different from wild-type. Notably, loss-of-function of the gene encoding the SnRK1α1 subunit restores the growth of CYTc-deficient plants, as well as autophagy, free amino acid and TOR pathway activity levels, which are affected in these plants. Moreover, increasing CYTc levels decreases SnRK1 pathway activation, reflected in reduced SnRK1α1 phosphorylation, with no changes in total SnRK1α1 protein levels. Under stress imposed by mannitol, the growth of CYTc-deficient plants is relatively less affected than that of wild-type plants, which is also related to the activation of the SnRK1 pathway. Our results indicate that SnRK1 function is affected by CYTc levels, thus providing a molecular link between mitochondrial function and plant growth under normal and stress conditions.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Plants with reduced CYTc show impaired growth.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome ce1
- Outcome
- growthe2
- Direction
- impairede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc)”
e2“show impaired growth and increased global expression of stress-responsive genes”
Claim · model-written summary
Plants with reduced CYTc show increased global expression of stress-responsive genes.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome ce1
- Gene
- stress-responsive genese2
- Outcome
- global expressione2
- Direction
- increasede2
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc)”
e2“show impaired growth and increased global expression of stress-responsive genes”
Claim · model-written summary
CYTc-deficient plants show activation of the SnRK1 pathway.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome ce1
- Outcome
- SnRK1 pathwaye3
- Direction
- activatione3
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc)”
e3“CYTc-deficient plants also show activation of the SnRK1 pathway”
Claim · model-written summary
The carbohydrate levels of CYTc-deficient plants are not significantly different from wild-type.
Verbatim
e1“plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc)”
e4“even though their carbohydrate levels are not significantly different from wild-type”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of function of the SnRK1α1 gene restores the growth of CYTc-deficient plants.
Verbatim
e5“loss-of-function of the gene encoding the SnRK1α1 subunit restores the growth of CYTc-deficient plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Loss of function of SnRK1α1 restores autophagy, free amino acid and TOR pathway activity levels in CYTc-deficient plants.
Verbatim
e5“loss-of-function of the gene encoding the SnRK1α1 subunit restores the growth of CYTc-deficient plants”
e6“as well as autophagy, free amino acid and TOR pathway activity levels, which are affected in these plants”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing CYTc levels decreases SnRK1 pathway activation, reflected in reduced SnRK1α1 phosphorylation.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- increasing CYTc levelse7
- Outcome
- SnRK1 pathway activatione7
- Direction
- decreasese7
- Qualifier
- reduced SnRK1α1 phosphorylatione7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc)”
e7“increasing CYTc levels decreases SnRK1 pathway activation, reflected in reduced SnRK1α1 phosphorylation, with no changes in total SnRK1α1 protein levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Increasing CYTc levels did not change total SnRK1α1 protein levels.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Treatment
- increasing CYTc levelse7
- Outcome
- total SnRK1α1 protein levelse7
- Direction
- no changese7
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e1“plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc)”
e7“increasing CYTc levels decreases SnRK1 pathway activation, reflected in reduced SnRK1α1 phosphorylation, with no changes in total SnRK1α1 protein levels”
Claim · model-written summary
Under mannitol stress, the growth of CYTc-deficient plants is relatively less affected than that of wild-type plants.
Verbatim
e5“Under stress imposed by mannitol, the growth of CYTc-deficient plants is relatively less affected than that of wild-type plants”
Claim · model-written summary
SnRK1 function is affected by CYTc levels.
- Taxon
- plantsViridiplantaee1
- Outcome
- SnRK1 functione4
- Qualifier
- CYTc levelse4
Verbatim
e1“plants with reduced levels of the mitochondrial respiratory chain component cytochrome c (CYTc)”
e4“Our results indicate that SnRK1 function is affected by CYTc levels”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · molecular: metabolites · Viridiplantae (plants)Positive and negative results
4 papers in the same direction as this paper · 8 in the opposite direction · 1 reporting no difference from an alternative
- negative
- negative
- negative
10 papers more in this group
See all 14 papers →loss of function · growth · Viridiplantae (plants)Positive and negative results
6 papers in the same direction as this paper · 9 in the opposite direction
- negative
- negative
- negative
12 papers more in this group
See all 16 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.