Abstract
Fusarium root rot is an important disease of soybean in Ontario, Canada. This study is to select antagonistic bacterial agents as effective alternatives to chemical pesticides for the control of root rots caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. graminearum. Twenty-two Bacillus subtilis strains from soybean and corn roots were tested in dual cultures for inhibition of mycelial growth of F. oxysporum and F. graminearum. All strains significantly reduced mycelial growth of F. oxysporum by approximately 17 to 48% and of F. graminearum by 10 to 32%. Ten B. subtilis strains selected based on their larger fungal inhibition zones were evaluated against macroconidial germination. These strains inhibited the spore germination of F. oxysporum by 20 to 48% and of F. graminearum by 14 to 32% in cell-free filtrates. Under greenhouse conditions, the efficacy of seed and soil treatments with B. subtilis strains against the two Fusarium root rot pathogens was evaluated based on root rot severity, seedling emergence, plant height, and root dry weight. Six B. subtilis strains (SB01, SB04, SB23, SB24, SB28, and SB33) from soybean roots and two strains (CB01 and CH22) from corn roots significantly reduced the severity of the two Fusarium root rots in seed or soil treatments. Strains SB01, SB04, SB23, and SB24 were the most effective treatments against both pathogens in either seed or soil treatment. When applied as seed treatments, these four strains reduced root rot severity by 43 to 63% and increased emergence by 13 to 17%, plant height by 9 to 18%, and root dry weight by 8.4 to 19%. When used as soil treatments, they reduced root rot severity by 68 to 74% and increased emergence by 14 to 18%, plant height by 11 to 23%, and root dry weight by 16 to 24%. These results suggest that the novel strains of B. subtilis identified in this research can be effective alternatives to fungicides in managing Fusarium root rots of soybean, and a greater level of efficacy may be achieved when they were used as soil treatments than seed treatments.
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Claims 15
Claim · model-written summary
All Bacillus subtilis strains inhibited F. oxysporum mycelial growth by approximately 17 to 48%.
- Taxon
- Soybean
Glycine maxt0 - Interactor
- F. oxysporum
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium oxysporume0pathogen - Outcome
- mycelial growth of F. oxysporume0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 17 to 48%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_(Fusarium_oxysporum_f.sp._batatas)_1234227-PPT-Clemson_University.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“All strains significantly reduced mycelial growth of F. oxysporum by approximately 17 to 48%”
Claim · model-written summary
All Bacillus subtilis strains inhibited F. graminearum mycelial growth by 10 to 32%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- F. graminearum
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=60)
Fusarium graminearume0pathogen - Outcome
- F. graminearume0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 10 to 32%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
_on_Corn_(Zea_mays)_at_Waimea%2C_Hawaii.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“All strains significantly reduced mycelial growth of F. oxysporum by approximately 17 to 48% and of F. graminearum by 10 to 32%”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected strains inhibited F. oxysporum spore germination by 20 to 48%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- F. oxysporumFusarium oxysporume0pathogen
- Outcome
- spore germination of F. oxysporume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 20 to 48%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“These strains inhibited the spore germination of F. oxysporum by 20 to 48%”
Claim · model-written summary
Selected strains inhibited F. graminearum spore germination by 14 to 32%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- F. graminearumFusarium graminearume0pathogen
- Outcome
- F. graminearume0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
- Value
- 14 to 32%e0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“These strains inhibited the spore germination of F. oxysporum by 20 to 48% and of F. graminearum by 14 to 32%”
Claim · model-written summary
Eight strains significantly reduced soybean Fusarium root rot severity with seed or soil treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Treatment
- seed or soil treatmentse0
- Second interactor
- B. subtilis
Bacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent - Outcome
- severity of the two Fusarium root rotse0
- Direction
- reducede0
FusariumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Six B. subtilis strains (SB01, SB04, SB23, SB24, SB28, and SB33) from soybean roots and two strains (CB01 and CH22) from corn roots significantly reduced the severity of the two Fusarium root rots in seed or soil treatments”
Claim · model-written summary
SB01, SB04, SB23 and SB24 were most effective against both root rot pathogens under seed or soil treatment.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- most effective treatmentse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. graminearum”
e0“Strains SB01, SB04, SB23, and SB24 were the most effective treatments against both pathogens in either seed or soil treatment”
e1“Six B. subtilis strains (SB01, SB04, SB23, SB24, SB28, and SB33)”
Claim · model-written summary
Four strains as seed treatments reduced root rot severity by 43 to 63%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Second interactor
- Bacillus subtilisBacillus subtilise1biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- root rot severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 43 to 63%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. graminearum”
e0“When applied as seed treatments, these four strains reduced root rot severity by 43 to 63%”
e1“Bacillus subtilis strains from soybean and corn roots”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments increased emergence by 13 to 17%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 13 to 17%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“When applied as seed treatments, these four strains reduced root rot severity by 43 to 63% and increased emergence by 13 to 17%”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments increased plant height by 9 to 18%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 9 to 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“When applied as seed treatments, these four strains reduced root rot severity by 43 to 63% and increased emergence by 13 to 17%, plant height by 9 to 18%”
Claim · model-written summary
Seed treatments increased root dry weight by 8.4 to 19%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- seed treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 8.4 to 19%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“When applied as seed treatments, these four strains reduced root rot severity by 43 to 63% and increased emergence by 13 to 17%, plant height by 9 to 18%, and root dry weight by 8.4 to 19%”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil treatments reduced root rot severity by 68 to 74%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil treatmentse0
- Interactor
- Fusarium oxysporumFusarium oxysporumt0pathogen
- Outcome
- root rot severitye0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Value
- 68 to 74%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot Caused by Fusarium oxysporum and F. graminearum”
e0“When used as soil treatments, they reduced root rot severity by 68 to 74%”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil treatments increased emergence by 14 to 18%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil treatmentse0
- Outcome
- emergencee0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 14 to 18%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“When used as soil treatments, they reduced root rot severity by 68 to 74% and increased emergence by 14 to 18%”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil treatments increased plant height by 11 to 23%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil treatmentse0
- Outcome
- plant heighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 11 to 23%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“When used as soil treatments, they reduced root rot severity by 68 to 74% and increased emergence by 14 to 18%, plant height by 11 to 23%”
Claim · model-written summary
Soil treatments increased root dry weight by 16 to 24%.
- Taxon
- SoybeanGlycine maxt0
- Treatment
- soil treatmentse0
- Outcome
- root dry weighte0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Value
- 16 to 24%e0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Soybean Root Rot”
e0“When used as soil treatments, they reduced root rot severity by 68 to 74% and increased emergence by 14 to 18%, plant height by 11 to 23%, and root dry weight by 16 to 24%”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors suggest Bacillus subtilis strains as alternatives to fungicides for soybean Fusarium root rot, with soil treatment potentially more effective than seed treatment.
- Taxon
- soybeanGlycine maxe0
- Second interactor
- B. subtilisBacillus subtilise0biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- effective alternatives to fungicidese0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“novel strains of B. subtilis identified in this research can be effective alternatives to fungicides in managing Fusarium root rots of soybean, and a greater level of efficacy may be achieved when they were used as soil treatments than seed treatments”
The same questions in other papers
seed treatment · growth · Glycine max (soybean)Positive and negative results
134 papers in the same direction as this paper · 30 in the opposite direction
- positive
- no effect
- negative
161 papers more in this group
See all 165 papers →seed treatment · Fusarium oxysporum · Glycine max (soybean)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- positive
- positive
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.