Abstract
Summary The growth of tree lupins was investigated in two experiments. In the first, two ages of plant, 4‐wk‐old seedlings and 1‐year‐old plants, were transplanted into a ryegrass sward in an upland environment. Growth, in terms of leaf production, branching and stem elongation, was measured over two successive growing seasons. Plant dry matter and nutrient contents were determined at the beginning and end of each growing season. In the first summer, the rate of production of new leaves on the main stem of seedling plants averaged 1.8 leaves per wk and main stem length increased from 5 to 67 cm. On older plants, where floral apices had been initiated on main and primary stems, there was a 3–10 fold increase in secondary branch length. In the second season, there was no effect of plant age on rates of leaf appearance or stem extension; dry matter production was higher than in the first season. In the second experiment, the effect of removal of 0%, 50% or 100% of fully expanded leaves on the subsequent growth of 23‐wk‐old plants was investigated. During the 7‐wk growth period, defoliation promoted the rate of production of mature leaves, and area and dry weight of new laminae were slightly higher in defoliated plants. Defoliation did not affect the concentrations of N, P or K in the new laminae, but P and K concentrations in petioles of defoliated plants were significantly higher than those in intact plants. The results from the experiments are discussed in relation to the potential use of tree lupins as nurse species and biomass crops in hill and upland environments of the UK.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
Seedlings produced about 1.8 new main-stem leaves per week in the first summer.
- Taxon
- Lupinus arboreus
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Lupinus arboreust0 - Organ / stage
- main steme0
- Outcome
- rate of production of new leavese0
- Value
- 1.8 leaves per wke0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
e0“In the first summer, the rate of production of new leaves on the main stem of seedling plants averaged 1.8 leaves per wk”
t0“Seasonal growth of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Main stem length of seedlings increased from 5 to 67 cm in the first summer.
- Taxon
- Lupinus arboreusLupinus arboreust0
- Outcome
- main stem lengthe1
- Direction
- increasede1
- Value
- 5 to 67 cme1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e1“main stem length increased from 5 to 67 cm”
t0“Seasonal growth of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Secondary branch length on older plants increased 3 to 10 fold.
- Taxon
- Lupinus arboreusLupinus arboreust0
- Organ / stage
- secondary branche2
- Outcome
- secondary branch lengthe2
- Direction
- increasee2
- Value
- 3–10 folde2
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e2“there was a 3–10 fold increase in secondary branch length”
t0“Seasonal growth of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreus)”
Claim · model-written summary
In the second season plant age had no effect on rates of leaf appearance or stem extension.
- Taxon
- Lupinus arboreusLupinus arboreust0
- Treatment
- plant agee3
- Outcome
- rates of leaf appearance or stem extensione3
- Direction
- no effecte3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e3“In the second season, there was no effect of plant age on rates of leaf appearance or stem extension”
t0“Seasonal growth of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Dry matter production was higher in the second season than in the first season.
- Taxon
- Lupinus arboreusLupinus arboreust0
- Outcome
- dry matter productione4
- Direction
- highere4
- Comparator
- first seasone4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e4“dry matter production was higher than in the first season”
t0“Seasonal growth of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation promoted the rate of production of mature leaves during the growth period.
- Taxon
- Lupinus arboreusLupinus arboreust0
- Treatment
- defoliatione5
- Outcome
- rate of production of mature leavese5
- Direction
- promotede5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“defoliation promoted the rate of production of mature leaves, and area and dry weight of new laminae were slightly higher in defoliated plants”
t0“Seasonal growth of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation slightly increased the area and dry weight of new laminae.
- Taxon
- Lupinus arboreusLupinus arboreust0
- Organ / stage
- new laminaee5
- Treatment
- defoliatione5
- Outcome
- area and dry weight of new laminaee5
- Direction
- slightly highere5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e5“defoliation promoted the rate of production of mature leaves, and area and dry weight of new laminae were slightly higher in defoliated plants”
t0“Seasonal growth of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreus)”
Claim · model-written summary
Defoliation did not affect the N, P or K concentrations in new laminae.
- Taxon
- Lupinus arboreusLupinus arboreust0
- Organ / stage
- new laminaee6
- Treatment
- Defoliatione6
- Outcome
- concentrations of N, P or Ke6
- Direction
- did not affecte6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“Defoliation did not affect the concentrations of N, P or K in the new laminae”
t0“Seasonal growth of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreus)”
Claim · model-written summary
P and K concentrations in petioles of defoliated plants were significantly higher than in intact plants.
- Taxon
- Lupinus arboreusLupinus arboreust0
- Organ / stage
- petiolese7
- Treatment
- defoliated plantse7
- Outcome
- P and K concentrationse7
- Direction
- significantly highere7
- Comparator
- intact plantse7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e7“P and K concentrations in petioles of defoliated plants were significantly higher than those in intact plants”
t0“Seasonal growth of tree lupins (Lupinus arboreus)”