Abstract
Intercropping legumes in sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) may increase soil cover, reduce soil erosion, and increase soil C and N. Subsequent effects of this practice on hard red spring wheat (HRSW) [ Triticum aestivum (L.) Emend. Thell.] yield and protein content were unknown. Our objective was to quantify effects of intercropping various legumes into sunflower on spring soil nitrate‐nitrogen (NO − 3 –N) and grain yield and protein content of a subsequent HRSW crop. Field experiments were conducted near Carrington and Prosper, ND, from 1993 through 1995. Wheat was planted into non‐legume plots and those previously intercropped with hairy vetch ( Vicia villosa Roth), yellow‐flowered sweetclover ( Melilotus officinalis Lam.), alfalfa ( Medicago sativa L.), snail medic [ Medicago scutellata (L.) Mill.], or black lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik.). Soil NO − 3 –N (0–30 cm) in plots previously intercropped with hairy vetch (41 kg ha −1 ) was greater than control plots (26 kg ha −1 ). Yield of HRSW was reduced at both Carrington and Prosper in 1993 when grown after a sweetclover intercrop. Yield of HRSW was reduced at Carrington in 1993 when grown after an alfalfa intercrop. Wheat grown after sweetclover intercropped in sunflower had higher protein content (142.0 g kg −1 ) than HRSW grown after sunflower (140.6 g kg −1 ) alone. Overall, intercropping hairy vetch at the V4 sunflower growth stage appears superior because it did not reduce sunflower yield, provided soil cover adding between 540 and 2400 kg ha −1 above ground dry matter to the system, and increased NO − 3 –N levels at the beginning of the HRSW season in two environments.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy-vetch intercropping increased soil nitrate compared with control plots.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Outcome
- Soil NO − 3 –Ne0
- Direction
- greatere0
- Value
- 41 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- 26 kg ha −1e0
- Comparator
- control plotse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Soil NO − 3 –N (0–30 cm) in plots previously intercropped with hairy vetch (41 kg ha −1 ) was greater than control plots (26 kg ha −1 ).”
t0“Hard Red Spring Wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweetclover intercropping reduced subsequent wheat yield at both sites in 1993.
- Taxon
- HRSWe0
- Treatment
- sweetclover intercrope0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 1993e0
- Setting
- Carrington and Prospere0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Yield of HRSW was reduced at both Carrington and Prosper in 1993 when grown after a sweetclover intercrop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Alfalfa intercropping reduced subsequent wheat yield at Carrington in 1993.
- Taxon
- HRSWe0
- Treatment
- alfalfa intercrope0
- Outcome
- Yielde0
- Direction
- reducede0
- Qualifier
- 1993e0
- Setting
- Carringtone0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“Yield of HRSW was reduced at Carrington in 1993 when grown after an alfalfa intercrop.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sweetclover intercropping increased subsequent wheat protein content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivume0
- Treatment
- sweetclover intercropped in sunflowere0
- Outcome
- protein contente0
- Direction
- highere0
- Value
- 142.0 g kg −1e0
- Qualifier
- 140.6 g kg −1e0
- Comparator
- HRSW grown after sunflowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Wheat grown after sweetclover intercropped in sunflower had higher protein content (142.0 g kg −1 ) than HRSW grown after sunflower (140.6 g kg −1 ) alone.”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch intercropped at the V4 sunflower stage did not reduce sunflower yield.
- Taxon
- sunflower
Helianthus annuust0 - Treatment
- intercropping hairy vetch at the V4 sunflower growth stagee0
- Outcome
- sunflower yielde0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“intercropping hairy vetch at the V4 sunflower growth stage appears superior because it did not reduce sunflower yield”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch intercropping provided 540–2400 kg per hectare of aboveground dry matter as soil cover.
- Taxon
- sunflowerHelianthus annuust0
- Outcome
- soil covere0
- Value
- between 540 and 2400 kg ha −1e0
- Qualifier
- above ground dry mattere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“provided soil cover adding between 540 and 2400 kg ha −1 above ground dry matter to the system”
t0“Sunflower”
Claim · model-written summary
Hairy vetch intercropping increased nitrate at the beginning of the wheat season in two environments.
- Taxon
- HRSWe0
- Treatment
- hairy vetche0
- Outcome
- NO − 3 –N levelse0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Qualifier
- two environmentse0
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“intercropping hairy vetch at the V4 sunflower growth stage appears superior because it did not reduce sunflower yield, provided soil cover adding between 540 and 2400 kg ha −1 above ground dry matter to the system, and increased NO − 3 –N levels at the beginning of the HRSW season in two environments.”
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