Abstract
Abstract Various pesticides exhibit plant growth regulating activity and have increased crop yields or altered concentrations of various constituents. Our purpose was to test the effect of commercially available pesticides on winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) with regard to N use, protein concentration, and dry matter production. Growth chamber‐grown wheat seedlings were supplied 2.5 or 10.0 m M nitrate‐N concentrations in nutrient solutions at each of two temperature regimes. Pesticides added to different pots were 0.5 m M concentrations of simazine [2‐chloro‐4, 6‐bis (ethylamino)‐S‐triazine] or dyrene [2,4‐dichloro‐6‐(0‐chloroanilo‐s‐triazine], and 25 m M concentrations of disulfoton [0, 0‐diethyl S‐(2‐(ethylthio) ethyl) phosphorodithioate] or guthion [0, 0‐dimethyl S‐(4‐oxo‐1,2,3‐benzotriazin‐3 (4H)‐ylmethyl phosphorodithioate]. Simazine increased nitrate reductase activity and nitrate concentration, and decreased glutamine synthetase activity. The same four materials were sprayed on field plots at 0.1 or 1.1 kg/ha at one of four growth stages. No autumn treatment affected yield or protein content of forage. Lower simazine rates applied at anthesis and higher simazine rates applied at all three spring growth stages decreased grain yields. Simazine treatments that decreased grain yields, and guthion applied during autumn increased grain protein concentration. The other treatments had no effect on protein or yield. Simazine applied during anthesis decreased grain test weights significantly. Decreased grain yields and increased grain protein concentrations probably resulted from detrimental effects of simazine on photosynthate accumulation and absence of a direct effect on N assimilation when foliar‐applied. Decreased grain test weights apparently resulted from floret sterility and undeveloped grains.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine increased wheat nitrate reductase activity.
- Taxon
- Wheat
Triticum aestivumt0 - Treatment
- Simazinee0
- Outcome
- nitrate reductase activitye0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Simazine increased nitrate reductase activity and nitrate concentration, and decreased glutamine synthetase activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine increased wheat nitrate concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Simazinee0
- Outcome
- nitrate concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Simazine increased nitrate reductase activity and nitrate concentration, and decreased glutamine synthetase activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine decreased wheat glutamine synthetase activity.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Simazinee0
- Outcome
- glutamine synthetase activitye0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Simazine increased nitrate reductase activity and nitrate concentration, and decreased glutamine synthetase activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Autumn pesticide treatments did not affect wheat forage yield or protein content.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- autumn treatmente0
- Outcome
- yield or protein content of foragee0
- Direction
- No autumn treatment affectede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“No autumn treatment affected yield or protein content of forage.”
Claim · model-written summary
Lower simazine rates applied at anthesis decreased wheat grain yields.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Lower simazine rates applied at anthesise0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Lower simazine rates applied at anthesis and higher simazine rates applied at all three spring growth stages decreased grain yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Higher simazine rates at all three spring stages decreased wheat grain yields.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- higher simazine rates applied at all three spring growth stagese0
- Outcome
- grain yieldse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Lower simazine rates applied at anthesis and higher simazine rates applied at all three spring growth stages decreased grain yields.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine treatments that reduced grain yield increased wheat grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Simazine treatments that decreased grain yieldse0
- Outcome
- grain protein concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Simazine treatments that decreased grain yields, and guthion applied during autumn increased grain protein concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Guthion applied in autumn increased wheat grain protein concentration.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- guthion applied during autumne0
- Outcome
- grain protein concentratione0
- Direction
- increasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Simazine treatments that decreased grain yields, and guthion applied during autumn increased grain protein concentration.”
Claim · model-written summary
Other pesticide treatments had no effect on wheat protein or yield.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- other treatmentse0
- Outcome
- protein or yielde0
- Direction
- no effecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“The other treatments had no effect on protein or yield.”
Claim · model-written summary
Simazine at anthesis significantly decreased wheat grain test weights.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- Simazine applied during anthesise0
- Outcome
- grain test weightse0
- Direction
- decreasede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Simazine applied during anthesis decreased grain test weights significantly.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute lower grain yield and higher protein concentration to detrimental photosynthate accumulation effects of simazine and no direct foliar effect on nitrogen assimilation.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- simazinee0
- Outcome
- Decreased grain yields and increased grain protein concentrationse0
- Qualifier
- detrimental effects of simazine on photosynthate accumulation and absence of a direct effect on N assimilatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Decreased grain yields and increased grain protein concentrations probably resulted from detrimental effects of simazine on photosynthate accumulation and absence of a direct effect on N assimilation when foliar‐applied.”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors attribute decreased wheat grain test weight to floret sterility and undeveloped grains.
- Taxon
- WheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Outcome
- Decreased grain test weightse0
- Qualifier
- floret sterility and undeveloped grainse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“Winter Wheat”
e0“Decreased grain test weights apparently resulted from floret sterility and undeveloped grains.”
The same questions in other papers
simazine · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Results agree
2 papers in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
- negative
stage · yield · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
64 papers in the same direction as this paper · 95 in the opposite direction
- positive
- positive
- positive
156 papers more in this group
See all 160 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.