Abstract
Aquaporins (AQPs) are proteinaceous channels known to regulate transmembrane water transport, and therefore may be important component of imbibition during osmopriming and germination. To explore the association between AQPs and osmopriming-led enhanced germination performance, we studied the expression patterns of four spinach (Spinacia oleracea) AQP coding genes (SoPIP1;1, SoPIP1;2, SoPIP2;1, and SoδTIP) during osmopriming and subsequent germination under optimal conditions, chilling and drought. All these genes were up-regulated within 2-4 d of priming (phase II-imbibition). We hypothesize such up-regulation to facilitate the pressure potential-driven cell expansion and increase germination potential of primed seeds. Our data during post-priming germination suggest that SoPIP1;1 and SoδTIP were more closely associated with enhanced germination performance. In general, all AQPs were downregulated under chilling and drought. However, under chilling, SoPIP2;1 was expressed at relatively higher level in primed seeds that also exhibited greater chilling tolerance, while SoPIP1;2 and SoδTIP exhibited opposite pattern. Similarly, SoPIP1;1, SoPIP2;1, and SoδTIP exhibited higher expression in primed seeds that also had greater drought tolerance.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
All four AQP genes were up-regulated within 2-4 d of priming.
- Taxon
- spinach
Spinacia oleraceat0 - Treatment
- priminge0
- Gene
- AQPst1
- Outcome
- up-regulatede0
- Direction
- up-regulatede0
- Value
- 2-4 de0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All these genes were up-regulated within 2-4 d of priming (phase II-imbibition)”
t0“spinach”
t1“Aquaporins (AQPs)”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors associate SoPIP1;1 with enhanced postpriming germination.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Gene
- SoPIP1;1e0
- Outcome
- enhanced germination performancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SoPIP1;1 and SoδTIP were more closely associated with enhanced germination performance”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors associate SoδTIP with enhanced postpriming germination.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Gene
- SoδTIPe0
- Outcome
- enhanced germination performancee0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SoPIP1;1 and SoδTIP were more closely associated with enhanced germination performance”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Aquaporin expression was generally downregulated under chilling and drought.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Treatment
- chilling and droughte0
- Gene
- AQPse0
- Outcome
- downregulatede0
- Direction
- downregulatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“In general, all AQPs were downregulated under chilling and drought”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Under chilling, SoPIP2;1 expression was higher in primed seeds with greater chilling tolerance.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- primed seedse0
- Gene
- SoPIP2;1e0
- Outcome
- greater chilling tolerancee0
- Direction
- greatere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“under chilling, SoPIP2;1 was expressed at relatively higher level in primed seeds that also exhibited greater chilling tolerance”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Under chilling, SoPIP1;2 showed the opposite expression pattern.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Gene
- SoPIP1;2e0
- Outcome
- opposite patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while SoPIP1;2 and SoδTIP exhibited opposite pattern”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
Under chilling, SoδTIP showed the opposite expression pattern.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Gene
- SoδTIPe0
- Outcome
- opposite patterne0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“while SoPIP1;2 and SoδTIP exhibited opposite pattern”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
SoPIP1;1 expression was higher in primed seeds with greater drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- primed seedse0
- Gene
- SoPIP1;1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SoPIP1;1, SoPIP2;1, and SoδTIP exhibited higher expression in primed seeds that also had greater drought tolerance”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
SoPIP2;1 expression was higher in primed seeds with greater drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- primed seedse0
- Gene
- SoPIP2;1e0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SoPIP1;1, SoPIP2;1, and SoδTIP exhibited higher expression in primed seeds that also had greater drought tolerance”
t0“spinach”
Claim · model-written summary
SoδTIP expression was higher in primed seeds with greater drought tolerance.
- Taxon
- spinachSpinacia oleraceat0
- Organ / stage
- primed seedse0
- Gene
- SoδTIPe0
- Outcome
- expressione0
- Direction
- highere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“SoPIP1;1, SoPIP2;1, and SoδTIP exhibited higher expression in primed seeds that also had greater drought tolerance”
t0“spinach”