Abstract
Phototoxicity of leaf extracts of nine subspecies of Heracleum sphondylium lat. was tested using Candida albicans is a test organism and the results were roughly quantified. The leaves of the subspecies sphondylium and sibircum were usually non-phototoxic. Variation was observed within the subspecies granatense and ternatum. The subspecies alpinum, transsilvanicum, pyre-naicum, montanum and orsinii were moderately to strongly phototoxic. Morphologically variable populations varied correspondingly in the degree of phototoxicity. Fruits were phototoxic in all taxa studied and roots in all taxa but subsp. alpinum. Evidence from thin-layer chromatography suggests that phototoxicity may be caused by the 6,7-furocoumarins (psoralens) xanthotoxin, bergapten, imperatorin and a non-identified compound. Ecological effects and taxonomical implications are briefly discussed. Key Word Index Heracleum sphondylium - Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) - Phototoxicity - Furocoumarins - Candida Test.
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Claims 7
Claim · model-written summary
Leaves of subspecies sphondylium and sibircum were usually non-phototoxic.
- Taxon
- Heracleum sphondylium
Heracleum sphondyliumt0 - Material
- subspecies sphondylium and sibircume0
- Organ / stage
- leavese0
- Outcome
- non-phototoxice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The leaves of the subspecies sphondylium and sibircum were usually non-phototoxic.”
t0“Heracleum sphondylium”
Claim · model-written summary
Phototoxicity varied within subspecies granatense and ternatum.
- Taxon
- Heracleum sphondyliumHeracleum sphondyliumt0
- Material
- subspecies granatense and ternatume0
- Outcome
- Variatione0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Variation was observed within the subspecies granatense and ternatum.”
t0“Heracleum sphondylium”
Claim · model-written summary
Five named subspecies were moderately to strongly phototoxic.
- Taxon
- Heracleum sphondyliumHeracleum sphondyliumt0
- Material
- subspecies alpinum, transsilvanicum, pyre-naicum, montanum and orsiniie0
- Outcome
- phototoxice0
- Qualifier
- moderately to stronglye0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The subspecies alpinum, transsilvanicum, pyre-naicum, montanum and orsinii were moderately to strongly phototoxic.”
t0“Heracleum sphondylium”
Claim · model-written summary
Morphologically variable populations also varied in degree of phototoxicity.
- Taxon
- Heracleum sphondyliumHeracleum sphondyliumt0
- Material
- Morphologically variable populationse0
- Outcome
- degree of phototoxicitye0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Morphologically variable populations varied correspondingly in the degree of phototoxicity.”
t0“Heracleum sphondylium”
Claim · model-written summary
Fruits were phototoxic in every taxon studied.
- Taxon
- Heracleum sphondyliumHeracleum sphondyliumt0
- Organ / stage
- Fruitse0
- Outcome
- phototoxice0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fruits were phototoxic in all taxa studied”
t0“Heracleum sphondylium”
Claim · model-written summary
Roots were phototoxic in all taxa except subsp. alpinum.
- Taxon
- Heracleum sphondyliumHeracleum sphondyliumt0
- Organ / stage
- rootse0
- Outcome
- roots in all taxa but subsp. alpinume0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“roots in all taxa but subsp. alpinum”
t0“Heracleum sphondylium”
Claim · model-written summary
Chromatography suggested that four furocoumarins may cause phototoxicity.
- Taxon
- Heracleum sphondyliumHeracleum sphondyliumt0
- Compound
- 6,7-furocoumarins (psoralens)e0
- Outcome
- phototoxicitye0
- Qualifier
- may be causede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“phototoxicity may be caused by the 6,7-furocoumarins (psoralens) xanthotoxin, bergapten, imperatorin and a non-identified compound”
t0“Heracleum sphondylium”