Abstract
Responses of soil microorganisms to volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds of differing quality were determined. Germination of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii and subsequent hyphal growth were stimulated by exposure to volatiles from aged but not nonaged pea seeds. Hyphae grew preferentially toward aged seeds. In natural soil, bacterial and fungal populations showed significant increases after exposure to volatiles from aged seed. For example, Fusarium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed increases of 79 and 2200%, respectively, over their original population levels after a 48-h exposure to volatiles. Conversely, Pythium populations and associated seed-rotting potential of soil decreased in natural soils exposed to volatiles. In autoclaved soils infested with P. ultimum (PHP4), Pythium populations increased dramatically after exposure to volatiles from aged pea seeds. In soils infested with either soil fungi or bacteria in addition to P. ultimum, Pythium levels remained constant or decreased, respectively, with time of exposure. Exposure to the volatiles from aged pea seeds stimulated soil microbial activity. These results suggest that Pythium germlings, when unable to reach a host, are subjected to microbial antagonism in the presence of the native soil microflora. A decrease in cucumber seed rot coincided with decreases in Pythium numbers.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 13
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles from aged pea seeds stimulated germination of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii and subsequent hyphal growth.
- Taxon
- pea
Lathyrus oleraceust0 - Treatment
- volatiles from aged but not nonaged pea seedse1
- Interactor
- Rhizoctonia solani
Rhizoctonia solanie1pathogen - Second interactor
- Sclerotium rolfsii
Agroathelia rolfsiie1pathogen - Outcome
- Germination of sclerotiae1
- Direction
- stimulatede1
- Qualifier
- and subsequent hyphal growthe1
- Comparator
- nonaged pea seedse1
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e1“Germination of sclerotia of Rhizoctonia solani and Sclerotium rolfsii and subsequent hyphal growth were stimulated by exposure to volatiles from aged but not nonaged pea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Hyphae grew preferentially toward aged pea seeds.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- aged seedse2
- Outcome
- Hyphaee2
- Direction
- grew preferentially towarde2
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e2“Hyphae grew preferentially toward aged seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Volatiles from aged seed significantly increased bacterial and fungal populations in natural soil.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- volatiles from aged seede3
- Outcome
- bacterial and fungal populationse3
- Direction
- increasese3
- Setting
- natural soile3
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e3“In natural soil, bacterial and fungal populations showed significant increases after exposure to volatiles from aged seed”
Claim · model-written summary
Fusarium spp. populations increased 79% over their original levels after 48-h exposure to pea seed volatiles.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- 48-h exposure to volatilese4
- Outcome
- population levelse4
- Direction
- increasese4
- Value
- 79e4
- Comparator
- original population levelse4
FusariumOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e4“Fusarium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed increases of 79 and 2200%, respectively, over their original population levels after a 48-h exposure to volatiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Pseudomonas spp. populations increased 2200% over their original levels after 48-h exposure to pea seed volatiles.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- 48-h exposure to volatilese4
- Interactor
- Pseudomonas spp.
Pseudomonase4other - Outcome
- population levelse4
- Direction
- increasese4
- Value
- 2200%e4
- Comparator
- original population levelse4
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e4“Fusarium spp. and Pseudomonas spp. showed increases of 79 and 2200%, respectively, over their original population levels after a 48-h exposure to volatiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium populations decreased in natural soils exposed to pea seed volatiles.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- exposed to volatilese5
- Outcome
- Pythium populationse5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- natural soilse5
.jpg?width=60){kind=small}
PythiumNot reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
.jpg?width=500)
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e5“Pythium populations and associated seed-rotting potential of soil decreased in natural soils exposed to volatiles”
Claim · model-written summary
The seed-rotting potential of natural soil decreased after exposure to pea seed volatiles.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- exposed to volatilese5
- Outcome
- seed-rotting potential of soile5
- Direction
- decreasede5
- Setting
- natural soilse5
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e5“Pythium populations and associated seed-rotting potential of soil decreased in natural soils exposed to volatiles”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium populations increased dramatically in autoclaved soils infested with P. ultimum after exposure to volatiles from aged pea seeds.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceuse6
- Treatment
- exposure to volatiles from aged pea seedse6
- Interactor
- P. ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume6pathogen
- Outcome
- Pythium populationse6
- Direction
- increased dramaticallye6
- Setting
- autoclaved soilse6
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“In autoclaved soils infested with P. ultimum (PHP4), Pythium populations increased dramatically after exposure to volatiles from aged pea seeds”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium levels remained constant in soils infested with soil fungi and P. ultimum with time of exposure.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- with time of exposuree7
- Interactor
- P. ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume7pathogen
- Second interactor
- soil fungie7other
- Outcome
- Pythium levelse7
- Direction
- remained constante7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e7“In soils infested with either soil fungi or bacteria in addition to P. ultimum, Pythium levels remained constant or decreased, respectively, with time of exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium levels decreased in soils infested with bacteria and P. ultimum with time of exposure.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- with time of exposuree7
- Interactor
- P. ultimumGlobisporangium ultimume7pathogen
- Outcome
- Pythium levelse7
- Direction
- decreasede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e7“In soils infested with either soil fungi or bacteria in addition to P. ultimum, Pythium levels remained constant or decreased, respectively, with time of exposure”
Claim · model-written summary
Exposure to volatiles from aged pea seeds stimulated soil microbial activity.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Treatment
- Exposure to the volatiles from aged pea seedse7
- Outcome
- soil microbial activitye7
- Direction
- stimulatede7
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e7“Exposure to the volatiles from aged pea seeds stimulated soil microbial activity”
Claim · model-written summary
Pythium germlings unable to reach a host are likely subjected to microbial antagonism by the native soil microflora.
- Taxon
- peaLathyrus oleraceust0
- Interactor
- Pythium germlingse7pathogen
- Second interactor
- native soil microflorae7biocontrol_agent
- Outcome
- subjected to microbial antagonisme7
- Qualifier
- when unable to reach a hoste7
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
t0“volatile exudates from germinating pea seeds”
e7“These results suggest that Pythium germlings, when unable to reach a host, are subjected to microbial antagonism in the presence of the native soil microflora”
Claim · model-written summary
A decrease in cucumber seed rot coincided with decreases in Pythium numbers.
- Taxon
- cucumber
Cucumis sativuse6 - Outcome
- seed rote6
- Direction
- decreasee6
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e6“A decrease in cucumber seed rot coincided with decreases in Pythium numbers”