Abstract
Abstract Reduced disturbances in regulated rivers can result in stable tree colonisation in downstream reaches. We examined spatial and temporal tree colonisation on a midstream sediment bar, focussing on three dominant taxa: Salix spp. (primarily Salix gilgiana ), Robinia pseudoacacia and Albizia julibrissin . We developed allometric relationships for tree height, tree age and tree diameter at breast and knee height, as well as relationships between above and below‐ground biomass. The spatial profiles for all individual trees of these taxa were obtained before and after a major flood in September 2007. Pre‐flood data indicate that R. pseudoacacia colonize the highest elevations, A. julibrissin lower elevations and Salix spp. the lowest elevations of the three taxa. The oldest trees at each elevation were found to have survived 1.8–2.5 m inundation in past floods. Results of investigations subsequent to the flood event in September 2007 suggest that trees can survive flooding as long as their roots remain embedded in the soil. Individuals of Salix spp. experienced higher levels of inundation, but showed the greatest survival. This is probably due to morphological acclimations, particularly deep root systems and high elasticity of shoots. Considering inundation depths, erosion depths and sediment particle sizes in tree habitats, we found that sediment mobilization was the major cause of tree mortality. Thus, the ability of Salix spp. to colonize coarse sediments greatly contributed to its survival, as coarse sediments result in significantly less tractive force. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Claims 10
Claim · model-written summary
Allometric relationships were developed for tree dimensions and biomass.
- Outcome
- allometric relationships for tree height, tree age and tree diameter at breast and knee heighte0
- Comparator
- above and below‐ground biomasse0
SalixOrganisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“We developed allometric relationships for tree height, tree age and tree diameter at breast and knee height, as well as relationships between above and below‐ground biomass.”
e1“focussing on three dominant taxa: Salix spp.”
Claim · model-written summary
Robinia pseudoacacia occupied the highest elevations before flooding.
- Taxon
- R. pseudoacacia
Robinia pseudoacaciae0 - Outcome
- highest elevationse0
- Direction
- higheste0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. pseudoacacia colonize the highest elevations, A. julibrissin lower elevations and Salix spp. the lowest elevations of the three taxa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Albizia julibrissin occupied lower elevations.
- Taxon
- A. julibrissin
Albizia julibrissine0 - Outcome
- lower elevationse0
- Direction
- lowere0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. pseudoacacia colonize the highest elevations, A. julibrissin lower elevations and Salix spp. the lowest elevations of the three taxa.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salix occupied the lowest elevations.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“R. pseudoacacia colonize the highest elevations, A. julibrissin lower elevations and Salix spp. the lowest elevations of the three taxa.”
Claim · model-written summary
The oldest trees at each elevation had survived 1.8–2.5 m prior inundation.
Verbatim
e0“The oldest trees at each elevation were found to have survived 1.8–2.5 m inundation in past floods.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trees could survive flooding while roots remained embedded in soil.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“trees can survive flooding as long as their roots remain embedded in the soil.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salix had the greatest survival despite higher inundation.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Individuals of Salix spp. experienced higher levels of inundation, but showed the greatest survival.”
Claim · model-written summary
Deep roots and elastic shoots probably contributed to Salix survival.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“This is probably due to morphological acclimations, particularly deep root systems and high elasticity of shoots.”
t0“tree colonization”
e1“showed the greatest survival.”
e2“Individuals of Salix spp. experienced higher levels of inundation, but showed the greatest survival.”
Claim · model-written summary
Sediment mobilization was the major cause of tree mortality.
Verbatim
e0“sediment mobilization was the major cause of tree mortality.”
Claim · model-written summary
Salix colonization of coarse sediment contributed to survival through lower tractive force.
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the ability of Salix spp. to colonize coarse sediments greatly contributed to its survival, as coarse sediments result in significantly less tractive force.”