Abstract
SUMMARY The effects of varying the sowing date (early September-late October) and plant density (14–70 seeds/m 2 ) on the establishment, overwinter survival, structure and yield of an autumn-sown, florallydeterminate line (CH304/70) of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994. Crops established well when sown in early September and were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive prolonged and extremely severe early winter frosts, but crops sown in late October either lost many plants or were destroyed completely. There was a strong interaction between sowing date and autumn weather on crop structure and yield. Late sowing and cold autumn weather restricted the number of mainstem leaves and first-order lateral branches on the plant, and decreased plant height and yield potential. Despite considerable differences between years in the weather during the summer and autumn, all crops were harvested in early September. Grain yields ranged from 0·3 to 4·5 t/ha depending on season, sowing date and plant density. Yields were strongly correlated with the number of podbearing axes and pods per m 2 and, although actual yields differed depending on growing conditions, the same number of pod-bearing axes (100/m 2 ) was required in each year to achieve maximum yield. The effects of sowing date and autumn weather on plant structure were well predicted by a simple developmental model that related vernalization and leaf development to post-sowing temperature.
Abstract from the paper’s OpenAlex record, shown for indexing and research. Copyright remains with the authors or the publisher. Read at the source ↗
The text the model read, with the source record’s inline markup (italics, sub- and superscripts) rendered and its character entities decoded; quote offsets refer to the raw text.
Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Crops sown in early September established well, while crops sown in late October were lost or destroyed.
- Taxon
- white lupine0
- Treatment
- sown in early Septembere1
- Outcome
- establishede1
- Comparator
- crops sown in late Octobere2
- Setting
- three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994e0
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e1“Crops established well when sown in early September and were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive prolonged and extremely severe early winter frosts”
e2“but crops sown in late October either lost many plants or were destroyed completely”
Claim · model-written summary
Crops of white lupin sown in early September were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive prolonged and extremely severe early winter frosts.
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e1“Crops established well when sown in early September and were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive prolonged and extremely severe early winter frosts”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing in October lost many white lupin plants or destroyed the crops, relative to early-September sowing.
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e1“Crops established well when sown in early September and were sufficiently cold-hardy to survive prolonged and extremely severe early winter frosts”
e2“but crops sown in late October either lost many plants or were destroyed completely”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing and cold autumn weather restricted the number of mainstem leaves and first-order lateral branches of white lupin.
- Taxon
- white lupine0
- Treatment
- Late sowing and cold autumn weathere4
- Outcome
- number of mainstem leaves and first-order lateral branchese4
- Direction
- restrictede4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e4“Late sowing and cold autumn weather restricted the number of mainstem leaves and first-order lateral branches on the plant, and decreased plant height and yield potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Late sowing and cold autumn weather decreased plant height and yield potential of white lupin.
- Taxon
- white lupine0
- Treatment
- Late sowing and cold autumn weathere4
- Outcome
- plant height and yield potentiale4
- Direction
- decreasede4
Not reportedComparator
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e4“Late sowing and cold autumn weather restricted the number of mainstem leaves and first-order lateral branches on the plant, and decreased plant height and yield potential”
Claim · model-written summary
Sowing date and autumn weather interacted strongly in their effect on crop structure and yield of white lupin.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e3“There was a strong interaction between sowing date and autumn weather on crop structure and yield”
Claim · model-written summary
Grain yields of white lupin ranged from 0.3 to 4.5 t/ha depending on season, sowing date and plant density.
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e6“Grain yields ranged from 0·3 to 4·5 t/ha depending on season, sowing date and plant density”
Claim · model-written summary
Yields of white lupin were strongly correlated with the number of pod-bearing axes.
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e7“Yields were strongly correlated with the number of podbearing axes and pods per m 2”
Claim · model-written summary
Maximum yield of white lupin required 100 pod-bearing axes per m2 in each year.
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e1“the same number of pod-bearing axes (100/m 2 ) was required in each year to achieve maximum yield”
Claim · model-written summary
A simple developmental model well predicted the effects of sowing date and autumn weather on white lupin plant structure.
- Taxon
- white lupine0
- Treatment
- sowing date and autumn weathere2
- Outcome
- plant structuree2
- Qualifier
- well predicted by a simple developmental modele2
Not reportedDirection
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e2“The effects of sowing date and autumn weather on plant structure were well predicted by a simple developmental model that related vernalization and leaf development to post-sowing temperature”
Claim · model-written summary
All white lupin crops were harvested in early September despite differences between years in weather.
Verbatim
e0“of the white lupin ( Lupinus albus ) were examined in three contrasting growing seasons between 1991 and 1994”
e5“Despite considerable differences between years in the weather during the summer and autumn, all crops were harvested in early September”