Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is involved in plant defense responses; however, the role of the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) family, which regulates actin cytoskeletal dynamics, in plant disease resistance, is largely unknown. Here, we characterized a wheat (Triticum aestivum) ADF gene, TaADF7, with three copies located on chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D, respectively. All three copies encoded the same protein, although there were variations in 19 nucleotide positions in the open reading frame. Transcriptional expression of the three TaADF7 copies were all sharply elevated in response to avirulent Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infection, with similar expression patterns. TaADF7 regulated the actin cytoskeletal dynamics by targeting the actin cytoskeleton to execute actin binding/severing activities. When the TaADF7 copies were all silenced by virus-induced gene silencing, the growth of Pst hypha increased and sporadic urediniospores were observed, as compared with control plants, upon inoculation with avirulent Pst. In addition, the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the hypersensitive response (HR) were greatly weakened, whereas cytochalasin B partially rescued the HR in TaADF7 knock-down plants. Together, these findings suggest that TaADF7 is likely to contribute to wheat resistance against Pst infection by modulating the actin cytoskeletal dynamics to influence ROS accumulation and the HR.
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Claims 9
Claim · model-written summary
TaADF7 had three chromosomal copies.
- Taxon
- wheat
Triticum aestivume0 - Gene
- TaADF7e0
- Outcome
- three copies located on chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1De0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“a wheat (Triticum aestivum) ADF gene, TaADF7, with three copies located on chromosomes 1A, 1B, and 1D”
Claim · model-written summary
All three copies encoded the same protein despite 19 nucleotide differences.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Gene
- TaADF7t0
- Outcome
- same proteine0
- Qualifier
- variations in 19 nucleotide positionse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“All three copies encoded the same protein, although there were variations in 19 nucleotide positions in the open reading frame”
t0“TaADF7”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Avirulent Pst infection sharply elevated all three TaADF7 transcripts.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Interactor
- Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici
Puccinia striiformis f. sp. triticie0pathogen - Gene
- TaADF7e0
- Outcome
- Transcriptional expressione0
- Direction
- sharply elevatede0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Transcriptional expression of the three TaADF7 copies were all sharply elevated in response to avirulent Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) infection, with similar expression patterns”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaADF7 bound and severed actin.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Gene
- TaADF7e0
- Outcome
- actin binding/severing activitiese0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaADF7 regulated the actin cytoskeletal dynamics by targeting the actin cytoskeleton to execute actin binding/severing activities”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing all TaADF7 copies increased Pst hyphal growth.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- TaADF7e0
- Outcome
- growth of Pst hyphae0
- Direction
- increasede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the TaADF7 copies were all silenced by virus-induced gene silencing, the growth of Pst hypha increased and sporadic urediniospores were observed, as compared with control plants, upon inoculation with avirulent Pst”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Silencing TaADF7 led to sporadic Pst urediniospores.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- virus-induced gene silencinge0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- TaADF7e0
- Outcome
- sporadic urediniospores were observede0
- Comparator
- control plantse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“When the TaADF7 copies were all silenced by virus-induced gene silencing, the growth of Pst hypha increased and sporadic urediniospores were observed, as compared with control plants, upon inoculation with avirulent Pst”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
TaADF7 silencing greatly weakened ROS accumulation and hypersensitive response.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt1
- Treatment
- TaADF7t0
- Gene
- TaADF7t0
- Outcome
- accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the hypersensitive response (HR)e0
- Direction
- greatly weakenede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the hypersensitive response (HR) were greatly weakened”
t0“TaADF7”
t1“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
Cytochalasin B partially rescued hypersensitive response in TaADF7 knockdown plants.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivumt0
- Treatment
- cytochalasin Be0
- Gene
- TaADF7e0
- Outcome
- HRe0
- Direction
- partially rescuede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“cytochalasin B partially rescued the HR in TaADF7 knock-down plants”
t0“wheat”
Claim · model-written summary
The authors infer TaADF7 supports wheat resistance through actin dynamics and ROS/HR modulation.
- Taxon
- wheatTriticum aestivume0
- Interactor
- Pste0pathogen
- Gene
- TaADF7e0
- Outcome
- wheat resistance against Pst infectione0
- Qualifier
- modulating the actin cytoskeletal dynamicse0
Not reportedDirection
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“TaADF7 is likely to contribute to wheat resistance against Pst infection by modulating the actin cytoskeletal dynamics to influence ROS accumulation and the HR”
The same questions in other papers
loss of function · growth · Triticum aestivum (wheat)Positive and negative results
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See all 39 papers →Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.