Abstract
Fructose analog, psicose, and glucose analog, mannose, inhibited root growth of lettuce seedlings. Psicose is phosphorylated by hexokinase and fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4) to psicose‐6‐phosphate with no known capacity for further metabolism. Mannose is phosphorylated by hexokinase (EC 2.7.1.1) to mannose‐6‐phosphate which is further metabolized very slowly. Hexokinase is known to have a sugar‐sensing function and possibly triggers a signal cascade resulting in changes of several gene expressions. It was determined, compared with the behaviour of mannose, whether psicose inhibits the root growth through this system. The addition of phosphate into the growth medium of lettuce seedlings did not affect the inhibition by psicose and mannose, and both sugars did not reduce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the roots, suggesting that the inhibition is not due to phosphate starvation and ATP depletion. The inhibiting effects of psicose and mannose were overcome by adding sucrose into the medium, which suggests that the inhibition is not caused by accumulation of psicose‐6‐phosphate or mannose‐6‐phosphate in the seedlings. Mannoheptulose, a specific competitive inhibitor of hexokinase, defeated the mannose‐induced inhibiting but was not able to relieve the psicose‐induced inhibition. Thus, the phosphorylation of mannose by hexokinase may trigger a signal cascade resulting in the growth inhibition of lettuce roots, which is consistent with the hypothesis established in Arabidopsis . However, psicose cannot inhibit the growth of lettuce roots via a hexokinase‐mediated pathway, and the phosphorylation of psicose by fructokinase might trigger a hexokinase‐independent signal cascade resulting in the growth inhibition.
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Claims 12
Claim · model-written summary
Psicose inhibited lettuce seedling root growth.
- Taxon
- lettuce
Lactuca sativat0 - Treatment
- psicosee0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fructose analog, psicose, and glucose analog, mannose, inhibited root growth of lettuce seedlings”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannose inhibited lettuce seedling root growth.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- mannosee0
- Outcome
- root growthe0
- Direction
- inhibitede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Fructose analog, psicose, and glucose analog, mannose, inhibited root growth of lettuce seedlings”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Added phosphate did not affect psicose inhibition.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of phosphatee0
- Outcome
- inhibition by psicosee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of phosphate into the growth medium of lettuce seedlings did not affect the inhibition by psicose and mannose, and both sugars did not reduce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the roots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Added phosphate did not affect mannose inhibition.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- addition of phosphatee0
- Outcome
- inhibition by psicose and mannosee0
- Direction
- did not affecte0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of phosphate into the growth medium of lettuce seedlings did not affect the inhibition by psicose and mannose, and both sugars did not reduce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the roots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Psicose did not reduce root ATP.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- psicosee0
- Outcome
- adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the rootse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of phosphate into the growth medium of lettuce seedlings did not affect the inhibition by psicose and mannose, and both sugars did not reduce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the roots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannose did not reduce root ATP.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- mannosee0
- Outcome
- adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the rootse0
- Direction
- did not reducee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The addition of phosphate into the growth medium of lettuce seedlings did not affect the inhibition by psicose and mannose, and both sugars did not reduce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) level in the roots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Added sucrose overcame psicose inhibition.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- adding sucrosee0
- Outcome
- inhibiting effects of psicosee0
- Direction
- overcomee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibiting effects of psicose and mannose were overcome by adding sucrose into the medium”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Added sucrose overcame mannose inhibition.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- adding sucrosee0
- Outcome
- inhibiting effects of psicose and mannosee0
- Direction
- overcomee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“The inhibiting effects of psicose and mannose were overcome by adding sucrose into the medium”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannoheptulose relieved mannose-induced growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Mannoheptulosee0
- Gene
- hexokinasee0
- Outcome
- mannose‐induced inhibitinge0
- Direction
- defeatede0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mannoheptulose, a specific competitive inhibitor of hexokinase, defeated the mannose‐induced inhibiting but was not able to relieve the psicose‐induced inhibition”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Mannoheptulose did not relieve psicose-induced inhibition.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Treatment
- Mannoheptulosee0
- Gene
- hexokinasee0
- Outcome
- psicose‐induced inhibitione0
- Direction
- not able to relievee0
Not reportedComparator
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Mannoheptulose, a specific competitive inhibitor of hexokinase, defeated the mannose‐induced inhibiting but was not able to relieve the psicose‐induced inhibition”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors propose mannose phosphorylation by hexokinase triggers growth inhibition.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Gene
- hexokinasee0
- Outcome
- growth inhibition of lettuce rootse0
- Qualifier
- phosphorylation of mannosee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“Thus, the phosphorylation of mannose by hexokinase may trigger a signal cascade resulting in the growth inhibition of lettuce roots”
t0“lettuce”
Claim · model-written summary
Authors suggest psicose inhibition is independent of hexokinase and may follow fructokinase phosphorylation.
- Taxon
- lettuceLactuca sativat0
- Gene
- fructokinasee0
- Outcome
- growth inhibitione0
- Qualifier
- hexokinase‐independent signal cascadee0
Organisms pictured · Representative pictures of the matched species, not figures from the paper.
Verbatim
e0“However, psicose cannot inhibit the growth of lettuce roots via a hexokinase‐mediated pathway, and the phosphorylation of psicose by fructokinase might trigger a hexokinase‐independent signal cascade resulting in the growth inhibition”
t0“lettuce”
The same questions in other papers
sucrose · molecular: metabolites · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- positive
phosphorus · disease · Lactuca sativa (garden lettuce)Results agree
1 paper in the same direction as this paper
- no effect
Claims are grouped by organism, treatment and what was measured or targeted. A paper counts as positive when any of its claims in the group is positive.