Abstract
1. Growth studies were made during the season of 1923 on Fraxinus americana L. by means of a dendrograph. Correlated histological investigations were made on the same tree. 2. No distortion of ring width is caused by the contact points or basal blocks of the dendrograph. 3. The desiccation of layers of phloem exposed in setting the instrument does not interfere with cambial activity. 4. The noon depression in diameter is greatest when the tree is in full leaf, supporting the supposition that this is brought about by the water relations of the tree. 5. A decided drop in temperature is usually followed by a decrease in or a cessation of growth. 6. The compensating variations before and after the growing period are closely correlated with precipitation. 7. The first xylem elements at the base of the trunk were formed simultaneously with the breaking of the leaf buds. Xylem formation ceased in this region about August 1. 8. Phloem formation began about three weeks after the first wood elements were formed, and continued at least until the defoliation of the tree on September 22. 9. A rest period of ten days occurred in early June which could not be correlated with external factors. 10. The dendrograph registers less growth than is shown by cuttings, but no definite explanation can be given for this phenomenon.
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Claims 11
Claim · model-written summary
Dendrograph contact points and basal blocks did not distort ring width.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“No distortion of ring width is caused by the contact points or basal blocks of the dendrograph.”
Claim · model-written summary
Desiccation of exposed phloem did not interfere with cambial activity.
Not reportedTaxonComparator
Verbatim
e0“The desiccation of layers of phloem exposed in setting the instrument does not interfere with cambial activity.”
Claim · model-written summary
Noon diameter depression was greatest when the tree was in full leaf.
Verbatim
e0“The noon depression in diameter is greatest when the tree is in full leaf”
Claim · model-written summary
A temperature drop was usually followed by reduced or ceased growth.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“A decided drop in temperature is usually followed by a decrease in or a cessation of growth.”
Claim · model-written summary
Growth variation around the growing period was closely correlated with precipitation.
- Outcome
- compensating variationse0
Not reportedTaxonSettingDirection
Verbatim
e0“The compensating variations before and after the growing period are closely correlated with precipitation.”
Claim · model-written summary
First trunk-base xylem elements formed when leaf buds broke.
- Organ / stage
- base of the trunke0
- Outcome
- first xylem elementse0
- Qualifier
- simultaneously with the breaking of the leaf budse0
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The first xylem elements at the base of the trunk were formed simultaneously with the breaking of the leaf buds.”
Claim · model-written summary
Trunk-base xylem formation ceased about August 1.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Xylem formation ceased in this region about August 1.”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloem formation began about three weeks after initial wood formation.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“Phloem formation began about three weeks after the first wood elements were formed”
Claim · model-written summary
Phloem formation continued at least until defoliation on September 22.
Verbatim
e0“continued at least until the defoliation of the tree on September 22.”
Claim · model-written summary
A ten-day rest period occurred in early June with no identified external correlate.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“A rest period of ten days occurred in early June which could not be correlated with external factors.”
Claim · model-written summary
The dendrograph registered less growth than cuttings.
Not reportedTaxon
Verbatim
e0“The dendrograph registers less growth than is shown by cuttings”